中国学龄前儿童龋齿患病率及填充率的Meta分析

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2023.2023071

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解近5年中国3~5岁学龄前儿童龋齿患病及治疗情况。方法系统检索2017—2022年CNKI、万方数据库、维普数据库以及MEDLINE、EMBASE文献库中中国学龄前儿童龋齿流行病学文献，对符合标准的纳入文献进行Meta分析，并按性别、年龄、地理区域、民族、居住地进行亚组分析。结果共纳入文献27篇，总计纳入学龄前儿童72 788例，患龋儿童38 344例。学龄前儿童龋齿合并患病率为59.3%（95%CI：54.6%~63.9%），龋齿合并填充率为5.7%（95%CI：2.5%~8.8%）。亚组分析中3、4、5岁儿童龋齿合并患病率分别为46.9%（95%CI：42.5%~51.4%）、59.0%（95%CI：55.1%~62.8%）、67.3%（95%CI：62.5%~72.2%），不同年龄段间差异具有统计学意义。此外，不同地域间差异也具有统计学意义，其中西北地区学龄前儿童患龋率最高，为68.6%（95%CI：55.5%~81.8%），而华中地区学龄前儿童患龋率最低，为49.1%（95%CI：47.3%~51.0%）。不同性别、民族、居住地间学龄前儿童患龋率差异无统计学意义。结论我国3~5岁学龄前儿童龋患现状严重且呈逐年增高趋势，当务之急应全面加强学龄前儿童口腔健康工作，落实疾病三级预防策略。

关键词: 学龄前儿童, 龋齿, Meta分析

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to understand the prevalence and treatment status of dental caries in preschool children aged 3-5 years in China among the past five years. Methods Databases including CNKI, WanFang data, VIP, MEDLINE, EMBASE were systematically searched for the epidemiological literature of dental caries in preschool children in China from 2017 to 2022 for Meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis was carried out by sex, age, geographical region, ethnology, and residence. Results The Meta-analysis enrolled 27 literatures, including 72 788 preschool children; of which, 38 344 children had dental caries. The merged prevalence of dental caries in preschool children was 59.3% (95%CI: 54.6%-63.9%), and the merged filling rate of caries was 5.7% (95%CI: 2.5%-8.8%). In the subgroup analysis, the merged prevalence rates of caries in children aged 3, 4, and 5 years were 46.9% (95%CI: 42.5%-51.4%), 59.0% (95%CI: 55.1%-62.8%), and 67.3% (95%CI: 62.5%-72.2%), respectively, and the difference was significant. In addition, significant differences were found among different regions. The merged prevalence of dental caries in preschool children was the highest in northwest China (68.6%, 95%CI: 55.5%-81.8%) and the lowest in central China (49.1%, 95%CI: 47.3%-51.0%). The merged prevalence of dental caries was not significantly different among preschool children of different genders, ethnicities, and residence. Conclusion The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children aged 3-5 years in China is high and continuously increases. The oral health of preschool children should be comprehensively strengthened, and a three-level strategy should be implemented to prevent diseases.

Key words: preschool child, dental caries, Meta-analysis

中图分类号:

R 788⁺.1

张静, 王雁. 中国学龄前儿童龋齿患病率及填充率的Meta分析[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2023, 41(5): 573-581.

Zhang Jing, Wang Yan.. Meta-analysis of prevalence and filling rate of dental caries in preschool children in China[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2023, 41(5): 573-581.

图/表 7

图 1

表 1

纳入文献的基本特征

纳入研究	研究地区	地理区域	样本总量	患龋人数	报告填充率/%	性别		年龄/岁
纳入研究	研究地区	地理区域	样本总量	患龋人数	报告填充率/%	男	女	3	4	5
路朋2022^[6]	天津	华北	642	382	—	195/318	187/324	83/160	90/160	97/161
王腊梅2022^[7]	新疆	西北	1 159	884	1.64	452/608	432/551	232/365	310/391	342/403
谢文2022^[8]	广东	华南	6 133	3 212	1.17	1 670/3 228	1 542/2 905	646/1 658	1 268/2 381	1 298/2 094
胡秋斌2022^[9]	广东	华南	4 284	2 050	—	1 067/2 357	983/1 906	532/1 460	744/1 488	774/1 315
吴翠茹2022^[10]	广东	华南	2 502	1 564	10.22	848/1 347	716/1 155	423/774	586/910	555/818
Liu2022^[11]	云南	西南	1 280	951	—	489/665	462/615	131/202	356/498	464/580
黎永奇2021^[12]	广西	华南	624	349	—	231/329	118/282	62/183	125/206	162/222
路晓淼2021^[13]	安徽	华东	934	396	11.69	199/489	197/445	99/292	99/244	118/255
由力2021^[14]	辽宁	东北	1 782	908	—	486/935	422/847	187/458	208/443	239/213
石兴莲2021^[15]	贵州	西南	608	422	—	211/317	211/291	61/100	144/201	139/193
张紫阳2021^[16]	广东	华南	1 834	1 035	6.43	546/948	489/886	415/873	325/553	295/408
张佳丽2021^[17]	西藏	西南	1 597	844	—	435/840	409/757	185/521	308/526	175/550
过燕2020^[18]	江苏	华东	21 589	8 372	3.06	4 393/11 160	3 979/10 429	1 096/4 697	2 785/7 726	3 448/7 231
丁志民2020^[19]	江苏	华东	1 743	1 028	2.28	550/927	478/816	228/481	287/464	256/410
张颖2020^[20]	甘孜	西南	460	297	—	153/246	144/214	42/89	84/136	99/142
杨立娜2020^[21]	北京	华北	14 497	9 143	21.27	4 876/7 636	4 308/6 861	1 917/3 723	3 202/5 053	2 966/4 142
刘晓晶2020^[22]	海南	华南	998	600	—	323/542	277/456	101/226	209/351	190/287
杨静2020^[23]	山东	华东	528	280	—	170/312	110/216	69/120	151/252	92/156
张梦葩2020^[24]	陕西	西北	998	659	2.81	315/486	344/512	191/319	223/336	245/343
高静2020^[25]	陕西	西北	1 013	516	1.48	—/515	—/498	165/401	153/293	198/319
陈嵩2019^[26]	江苏	华东	600	342	—	192/344	150/256	52/146	111/208	179/246
高玮2019^[27]	山东	华东	1 690	1 103	—	599/915	504/775	73/184	264/433	418/585
秦秀荣2019^[28]	山东	华东	606	360	—	184/293	176/313	105/177	81/151	174/278
仵楠2019^[29]	新疆	西北	296	241	—	116/149	125/147	62/87	82/101	97/108
吕誉坤2019^[30]	江苏	华东	569	401	—	237/323	164/246	34/58	124/193	159/201
王红2018^[31]	山东	华东	942	590	—	255/419	335/523	72/185	166/287	183/249
Zeng2018^[32]	江西	华中	2 880	1 415	1.00	727/1 488	688/1 392	355/952	492/978	568/950

表 1

图 2

图 3

图 4

图 5

表 2

亚组分析结果

项目		研究数	龋齿例数	总样本数	患龋率/%	$I 2$	95%CI	P值
性别	男	26	19 917	37 621	59.7	99%	（55.9%，63.5%）	0.84
	女	26	17 950	34 020	60.3	99%	（56.2%，64.3%）
年龄/岁	3	27	7 618	18 891	46.9	98%	（42.5%，51.4%）	<0.01
	4	27	12 977	24 963	59.0	98%	（55.1%，62.8%）
	5	27	13 903	22 885	67.3	99%	（62.5%，72.2%）
民族	汉族	3	1 355	1 869	71.7	59%	（68.1%，75.4%）	0.29
	少数民族	4	1 018	1 326	76.7	93%	（68.4%，85.0%）
地理区域	东北	1	908	1 782	51.0	/	（48.6%，53.3%）	<0.01
	华北	2	9 525	15 139	61.8	69%	（58.4%，65.1%）
	华东	9	12 872	29 201	56.4	99%	（49.6%，63.2%）
	华南	6	8 810	16 375	55.8	97%	（51.5%，60.1%）
	华中	1	1 415	2 880	49.1	/	（47.3%，51.0%）
	西北	4	2 300	3 466	68.6	98%	（55.5%，81.8%）
	西南	4	2 514	3 945	65.3	98%	（56.1%，74.4%）
居住地	城区	5	2 224	4 752	54.1	98%	（41.7%，66.4%）	0.13
	乡镇	6	3 186	5 218	65.7	98%	（57.3%，74.1%）

表 2

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