Abstract:

Objective To investigate in situ visualization using near-infrared quantum dots (QDs) conjugated with arginineglycine-arginineglycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide fluorescent probes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods QDs with emission wavelength of 800 nm (QD800) were conjugated with RGD peptides to produce QD800-RGD fluorescent probes. Human OSCC cell line BcaCD885 was inoculated in nude mice cheeks to establish OSCC mouse models. Frozen BcaCD885 tumor slices were immunofluorescence double stained by using QD800-RGD and CD105 monoclonal antibody and were observed using a laser scanning confocal microscope. QD800-RGD was injected into the OSCC models through the tail veins, and the in situ visualization was analyzed at different time points. The mice were sacrificed 12 h after injection to isolate tumors for the ex vivo analysis of probe localization in the tumors. Results QD800-RGD specifically targeted the integrin αvβ3 expressed in the endothelial cells of tumor angiogenic vessels in vitro and in vivo, producing clear tumor fluorescence images after intravenous injection. The most complete tumor images with maximal signal-to-noise ratios were observed 0.5 h to 6 h after injection of the probe and significantly reduced 9 h after the injection. However, the tumor image was still clearly visible at 12 h. Conclusion Using intravenously injected QD800-RGD generates high quality OSCC images when integrin αvβ3, which is expressed in the endothelial cells of tumor angiogenic vessels, is used as the target. The technique offers great potential in the diagnosis and individual treatment of OSCC.

Key words: oral squamous cell carcinoma, quantum dots, integrin αvβ3, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide, imaging