西藏昌都市3~5岁儿童龋病及其影响因素调查分析

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2021.01.008

华西口腔医学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 53-57.doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.01.008

西藏昌都市3~5岁儿童龋病及其影响因素调查分析

张佳丽¹(), 姚军¹(), 仁青措姆², 许元泓²

^1.福建省口腔疾病研究重点实验室，福建省口腔生物材料工程技术研究中心，福建省高校口腔医学重点实验室，福建医科大学附属口腔医院儿童牙科，福州 350001
^2.昌都市妇幼保健院口腔科，昌都 854000

收稿日期:2020-03-03 修回日期:2020-12-14 出版日期:2021-02-01 发布日期:2021-03-02
通讯作者: 姚军 E-mail:zjl104009012@126.com;dentyao@163.com
作者简介:张佳丽，主治医师，硕士，E-mail：zjl104009012@126.com

Analysis of dental caries and the impact factors of caries in children aged 3-5 years old in Changdu, Xizang

Zhang Jiali¹(), Yao Jun¹(), Ren Qing Cuomu², Xu Yuanhong²

^1.Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
^2.Dept. of Stomatology, Changdu Women and Children Health Care Hospital, Changdu 854000, China

Received:2020-03-03 Revised:2020-12-14 Online:2021-02-01 Published:2021-03-02
Contact: Yao Jun E-mail:zjl104009012@126.com;dentyao@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的

了解高原地区学龄前儿童龋病的患病情况及其影响因素，为高原地区儿童的龋病防治提供参考依据。

方法

参照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准和方法，抽取西藏昌都市市区11所幼儿园的1 597名3~5岁儿童进行龋病检查，并对其家长进行现场问卷调查，对所得数据进行统计分析。

结果

昌都市3~5岁儿童的患龋率为52.85%，龋均为2.44。3岁组儿童的患龋率和龋均低于4岁组和5岁组（P<0.05），男女间患龋率和龋均差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。单因素方差分析显示，刷牙频率大于等于每日2次、进甜食频率减少、喝酥油茶频率增加、定期口腔检查，可以降低患龋率（P<0.05）。多因素 Logistic 回归分析显示，进甜食频率、喝酥油茶频率和口腔检查是龋病发生的相关影响因素（P<0.05）。

结论

昌都市3~5岁儿童龋病患病率随年龄增长有升高的趋势，建立良好的口腔卫生习惯、饮食习惯和定期口腔检查有利于降低龋患率。

关键词: 龋病, 影响因素, 高原地区, 问卷调查

Abstract: Objective

To investigate caries status and its impact factors in preschool children in plateau and to provide reference for caries prevention in highlands.

Methods

Examination of caries was performed on 1 597 children aged 3-5 years old in 11 kindergartens in Changdu, Xizang, in accordance with the 4th National Oral Health Survey standards and methods. Their parents were surveyed with the questionnaire regarding oral hygiene habit and consciousness about oral health and related factors. All the data were collected and analyzed.

Results

The prevalence of caries among children aged 3-5 years old in Changdu was 52.85%, with dmft index of 2.44. The caries rate and dmft of children aged 3 years old were lower than those of children aged 4 and 5 years old (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the caries rate between males and females (P>0.05). Single-factor analysis showed that the frequency of brushing teeth more than twice a day, low frequency of eating sweets, high frequency of drinking butter tea, and regular oral examination can reduce the rate of caries (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the frequency of eating sweets, drinking butter tea, and oral examination are related impact factors of caries.

Conclusion

The prevalence of ca-ries in children aged 3-5 years old in Changdu increases with aging. Good oral hygiene and eating habits and regular oral examination can reduce the rate of caries.

Key words: dental caries, impact factor, plateau, questionnaire survey

中图分类号:

R 780.1

张佳丽, 姚军, 仁青措姆, 许元泓. 西藏昌都市3~5岁儿童龋病及其影响因素调查分析[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2021, 39(1): 53-57.

Zhang Jiali, Yao Jun, Ren Qing Cuomu, Xu Yuanhong. Analysis of dental caries and the impact factors of caries in children aged 3-5 years old in Changdu, Xizang[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2021, 39(1): 53-57.

图/表 3

表 1

表 2

表 3

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年龄/岁	患龋率（n/%）			龋均
年龄/岁	男	女	合计	男	女	合计
合计	435/51.79	409/54.03	844/52.85	2.50±2.013	2.38±2.783	2.44±2.409
3	89/34.50	96/36.50	185/35.50	1.37±2.711	1.01±2.689	1.18±2.693
4	171/60.85	137/55.91	308/58.56	2.39±3.171	2.34±2.433	2.37±2.792
5	175/58.13	176/70.68	351/63.82	3.19±2.941	3.57±2.491	3.28±2.645

项目	n	患龋（n/%）	无龋（n/%）	χ²值	P值
刷牙频率				36.103	0.000
从不/偶尔	405	215/53.09	190/46.91
1次/日	760	478/62.89	282/37.11
≥2次/日	415	187/45.06	228/54.94
进甜食频率				89.016	0.000
<3次/日	576	184/31.94	392/68.06
≥3次/日	1 004	436/43.43	568/56.57
喝酥油茶频率				69.372	0.000
从不/偶尔	393	275/69.97	118/30.03
2~6次/周	48	32/66.67	16/33.33
≥1次/日	1 139	543/47.67	596/52.33
吃糌粑频率				4.307	0.206
从不/偶尔	415	224/53.98	191/46.02
2~6次/周	55	30/54.55	25/45.45
≥1次/日	1 110	556/50.09	554/49.91
口腔检查				21.637	0.000
从不	228	141/61.84	87/38.16
因痛就诊	597	272/45.56	325/54.44
定期检查	755	312/41.32	443/58.68

变量	P值	Exp（B）	95%CI
刷牙频率	0.132	1.337	1.128~1.573
进甜食频率	0.042	0.924	0.693~1.165
喝酥油茶频率	0.000	0.513	0.299~0.758
定期口腔检查	0.000	0.469	0.215~0.692

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西藏昌都市3~5岁儿童龋病及其影响因素调查分析

Analysis of dental caries and the impact factors of caries in children aged 3-5 years old in Changdu, Xizang

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