Association between serum Galectin-3 and periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2023.2023192

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum Galectin-3 levels and the risk of periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 140 patients with T2DM admitted to the endocrinology department of Weifang People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Weifang Medical College from July 2021 to November 2022 were selected and divided into T2DM without periodontitis group (T2DM group, n=67) and T2DM with periodontitis group (T2DMP group, n=73) according to whether they were combined with periodontitis. In the same period, 65 non-periodontitis volunteers with normal blood glucose were selected as healthy control group (NC group). Blood samples of all subjects were collected, and serum Galectin-3 levels and related laboratory indices were detected and compared among the three groups. Results Serum Galectin-3 levels in the NC, T2DM, and T2DMP groups were 3.81 (3.49, 4.15), 4.82 (4.25, 5.26), and 6.83 (5.19, 7.28) ng/mL, respectively. After adjusting for the influence of baseline data by multiple linear regression, serum Galectin-3 levels in the T2DMP and T2DM groups were significantly higher than those in the NC group (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum Galectin-3 levels were positively correlated with homeostatic model of the insulin resistance index (β=0.254, 95%CI:0.089-0.419, P=0.003), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (β=0.397, 95%CI: 0.049-0.745, P=0.026), and clinical attachment loss (β=0.298, 95%CI: 0.024-0.572, P=0.033). After adjusting for the effects of covariates, binary logistic regression showed that serum Galectin-3 levels were significantly associated with the risk of periodontitis in patients with T2DM (OR=2.146, 95%CI: 1.260-3.655, P=0.005). Trend test showed that the risk of periodontitis in patients with T2DM increased with increasing serum Galectin-3 levels (P_trend=0.011). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum Galectin-3 in predicting T2DM periodontitis was 0.861 (95%CI: 0.801-0.920, Z=11.806, P<0.001). Conclusion Serum Galectin-3 levels were elevated in patients with T2DM and pe-riodontitis and associated with the risk of periodontitis.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, Galectin-3, periodontitis, association

CLC Number:

R 781.4

Zhang Yanbiao, Wei Meirong, Xia Tianyong, Yin Wenting, Mao Shumei. Association between serum Galectin-3 and periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2023, 41(6): 653-661.

Figures/Tables 9

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项目	NC组（n=65）	T2DM组（n=67）	T2DMP组（n=73）	统计值	P值
性别（男/女）	27/38	31/36	33/40	0.149^c	0.928
年龄/岁	43（39，45）	46（43，49）^a	46（41.5，50.5）^a	72.419	<0.001
BMI/（kg/m²）	24.18（22.74，26.22）	25.06（23.06，27.25）	25.73（22.90，28.51）	3.362	0.186
糖尿病病程/年	-	6（3，9）	11（7，15）^b	5.120^d	<0.001
SBP/mmHg	129（123，139）	130（120，138）	129.25（123，138）	0.088	0.957
DBP/mmHg	83（81，86）	83（81，86）	84.25（81，88）	0.502	0.778
TC/（mmol/L）	4.6（4.2，5.1）	4.5（4.0，5.1）	4.8（4.3，5.4）	4.738	0.094
TG/（mmol/L）	1.7（1.4，2.2）	1.7（1.2，2.5）	1.9（1.4，2.5）	3.029	0.220
HDL-C/（mmol/L）	1.34±0.25	1.27±0.21	1.31±0.29	1.327^e	0.267
LDL-C/（mmol/L）	2.65±0.66	2.61±0.60	2.54±0.57	0.622^e	0.538
HOMA-IR	1.68（1.44，1.98）	3.42（2.68，4.08）^a	3.97（2.79，5.04）^ab	110.952	<0.001
HbA1c/%	5.30±0.34	8.75±0.28^a	9.84±0.19^ab	153.203^e	<0.001
FPG/（mmol/L）	5.2（4.8，5.5）	7.8（7.1，9.5）^a	8.2（7.2，10.1）^a	128.302	<0.001
Fins/（mU/L）	6.8（5.9，8.1）	7.5（6.4，8.7）^a	7.5（6.7，9.6）^a	13.057	0.001
PD/mm	1.33±0.14	2.40±0.26^a	3.48±0.79^ab	319.810^e	<0.001
CAL/mm	1.49（1.37，1.63）	1.82（1.68，1.94）^a	4.11（2.88，4.65）^ab	157.120	<0.001
BOP/%	5.14（2.98，7.19）	6.78（5.55，8.43）^a	48.61（32.86，72.12）^ab	144.56	<0.001
GI（0~3）	0.64（0.54，0.77）	0.93（0.69，1.19）^a	1.90（1.47，2.18）^ab	137.689	<0.001
PLI（0~3）	1.28（1.19，1.51）	1.31（1.20，1.50）	1.33（1.18，1.54）	1.094	0.579

变量	Spearman秩相关分析		多元线性回归分析
变量	ρ值	P值	β（95%CI）	P值
性别	0.101	0.235
年龄	0.180	0.034	0.015（-0.007~0.037）	0.170
BMI	0.101	0.235
糖尿病病程	0.214	0.011	0.026（-0.003~0.054）	0.080
SBP	0.022	0.794
DBP	0.066	0.436
TC	0.127	0.136
TG	-0.020	0.814
HDL-C	-0.020	0.812
LDL-C	-0.098	0.247
HOMA-IR	0.414	<0.001	0.254（0.089~0.419）	0.003
HbA1c	0.575	<0.001	0.397（0.049~0.745）	0.026
FPG	0.086	0.313
Fins	0.044	0.602
PD	0.273	0.001	0.163（-0.088~0.414）	0.200
CAL	0.508	<0.001	0.298（0.024~0.572）	0.033
BOP	0.149	0.080
GI	0.063	0.460
PLI	0.131	0.122

模型	β值	SE值	Wald值	P值	OR	95%CI
模型1	1.067	0.342	9.723	0.002	2.908	1.486~5.687
模型2	0.981	0.314	9.755	0.002	2.667	1.441~4.935
模型3	0.791	0.288	7.518	0.006	2.206	1.253~3.882
模型4	0.764	0.272	7.907	0.005	2.146	1.260~3.655

分组	例数	牙周炎检出数及率	模型1		模型2		模型3		模型4
分组	例数	牙周炎检出数及率	OR（95%CI）	P值	OR（95%CI）	P值	OR（95%CI）	P值	OR（95%CI）	P值
P_trend值			0.017		0.023		0.022		0.011
T1	47	16（34%）	1（Ref.）	-	1（Ref.）	-	1（Ref.）	-	1（Ref.）	-
T2	47	28（60%）	2.855（1.234~6.605）	0.014	3.032（1.261~7.287）	0.013	2.799（1.066~7.345）	0.037	2.692（1.010~7.179）	0.048
T3	46	29（63%）	3.305（1.413~7.733）	0.006	3.274（1.372~7.814）	0.008	3.767（1.405~10.099）	0.008	3.726（1.377~10.082）	0.010

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