Correlation study of periodontitis with cognitive impairment

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2022.05.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to determine the association of periodontitis with cognitive impairment by evaluating periodontal conditions in middle-aged and elderly people of normal cognition and cognitive impairment. Methods Forty patients with cognitive impairment and thirty-five healthy controls were included in this study. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate the level of cognitive function in all patients and controls. Periodontal conditions including severity of periodontitis, number of remaining teeth, percentage of bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), and attachment level (AL) were examined. Periodontal conditions were compared between patients and controls, and the correlation between periodontal conditions and cognitive-function level was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0. Results The distribution of severity of periodontitis significantly differed between patients and controls (χ²=13.309 and P=0.001). The proportion of severe periodontitis in the cognitive-impairment group was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls (P<0.05). The percentage of sites with PD≥6 mm and AL≥5 mm in the cognitive-impairment group was higher than that in the controls, whereas the percentage of sites with PD=1-3 mm and AL=0-2 mm was higher in the controls (P<0.05). No significant difference in percentage of bleeding on probing was found in the two groups (P>0.05). Patients with cognitive impairment had fewer teeth than the controls (P<0.05). The level of cognitive function, assessed by MMSE, was positively correlated with the number of teeth and the percentage of sites with AL=0-2 mm, and it was negatively correlated with the percentage of sites with AL≥5 mm (P<0.05). Conclusion A correlation existed between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. Further study is essential to explore the specific relationship and related mechanism between periodontitis and cognitive impairment.

Key words: periodontitis, cognitive impairment, number of teeth, tooth loss, risk factor

CLC Number:

R 781.4

Tao Yufei, He Mengna, Hu Hongyan, Gao Ziwen, Huang Ziang, Li Hui, Li Yuqing, Li Xiaoshu. Correlation study of periodontitis with cognitive impairment[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2022, 40(5): 549-553.

Figures/Tables 4

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References 21

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组别	例数	牙周炎严重程度
组别	例数	初始	中度	重度
CI组	40	4（10.0%）	15（37.5%）	21（52.5%）
HC组	35	11（31.4%）*	19（54.3%）	5（14.3%）*
χ²值	13.309
P值	0.001

牙周指标	组别	数值	t值	P值
余留牙数量/颗	CI	24.53±7.63	-3.121	0.003^※
	HC	28.40±2.70
探诊出血阳性率/%	CI	76.31±21.83	0.780	0.438
	HC	67.87±24.87
PD=1~3 mm占比/%	CI	36.29±27.82	-2.171	0.033^※
	HC	49.86±33.17
PD=4~5 mm占比/%	CI	48.29±25.43	0.133	0.895
	HC	44.88±28.61
PD≥6 mm占比/%	CI	15.45±27.48	2.043	0.046^※
	HC	5.29±10.57
AL=0~2 mm占比/%	CI	45.94±32.52	-2.596	0.011^※
	HC	62.90±30.68
AL=3~4 mm占比/%	CI	28.39±18.14	-0.844	0.401
	HC	31.19±25.57
AL≥5 mm占比/%	CI	25.61±33.09	3.163	0.002^※
	HC	5.91±14.42

牙周检查指标	MMSE
牙周检查指标	r值	P值
余留牙数量	0.293	0.011*
探诊出血阳性率	-0.167	0.563
PD=1~3 mm占比	0.167	0.151
PD=4~5 mm占比	-0.055	0.641
PD≥6 mm占比	-0.055	0.637
AL=0~2 mm占比	0.301	0.009*
AL=3~4 mm占比	0.018	0.881
AL≥5 mm占比	-0.296	0.010*

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