Prevalence of malocclusion among 5 387 12- to 14-year-old adolescents in Jiangxi province, China: an epidemiological study

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.05.017

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective We provided baseline data for oral public health through epidemiological surveys to investigate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment proportion in 12- to 14-year-old adolescents in Jiangxi province, China. Methods Multi-stage random cluster sampling was used. A total of 5 387 12- to 14-year-old adolescents were exa-mined by three professional dentists according to Angle’s classification of malocclusion. The subjects were recruited from 30 secondary schools in five counties in Jiangxi Province. Results were statistically analyzed by SPSS19.0. Results The prevalence of malocclusion was 79.67% among adolescents aged 12-14 years in Jiangxi province. The composition ratios of ClassⅠ, Class Ⅱ Division 1, Class Ⅱ Division 2, and Class Ⅲ malocclusion were 30.96%, 16.36%, 12.78%, and 19.13% respectively. ClassⅠmalocclusion had the highest composition ratio, and the most common clinical manifestation of malocclu-sion was dentition crowding with a prevalence of 91.30%. The prevalence rate of malocclusion was higher in boys than in girls at 81.16% and 78.21%, respectively (P<0.05). This condition had different prevalence rates in Nanchang, Yi-chun, Jiujiang, Shangrao, and Ganzhou (P<0.05) with the highest in Nanchang and lowest in Ganzhou. Malocclusion was related to caries, and its prevalence rate was higher in patients with caries than in those without caries (P<0.05). The ortho-dontic rate of malocclusion was 2.63%, and the value was higher for girls than that for boys (P<0.05). The rate of orthodontic in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with local and international findings on malocclusion of adolescents, high prevalence and low orthodontic rate were found in Jiangxi province. Strengthening the combination of prevention and treatment is important for the physical and mental health of adolescents. We should actively conduct oral health education, popularize the knowledge of malocclusion, and actively treat caries.

Key words: malocclusion, adolescents, prevalence, caries, orthodontic treatment

CLC Number:

R783

Xu Titi,Zeng Liwei,Wen Jianqiong,Wan Li,Ou Xiaoyan. Prevalence of malocclusion among 5 387 12- to 14-year-old adolescents in Jiangxi province, China: an epidemiological study[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2019, 37(5): 541-546.

Figures/Tables 5

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References 23

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调查项目		项目定义
一般资料	性别	男/女
	出生日期	按出生日期填写
	户口类型	按城镇、乡村区分
口腔检查	磨牙关系*	中性关系：左右两侧均为正中关系;远中错：至少一侧为远中关系;近中错：至少一侧为近中关系
	前牙覆盖	上前牙切缘至下前牙唇面的水平距离。正常：0~3 mm;深覆盖：>3 mm
	前牙覆	上前牙覆盖下前牙唇面的垂直距离。正常：<1/3;深覆：≥1/3
	前牙开	上下前牙切端间无覆关系,垂直向有间隙
	前牙反	下前牙向前或向唇侧突出于上前牙
	牙列拥挤	上牙列或下牙列至少一方存在牙列拥挤者
	牙列间隙	上牙列或下牙列至少一方存在牙列间隙者
	龋坏	个体龋失补牙数≥1

性别	人数	安氏Ⅰ类		安氏Ⅱ类1分类		安氏Ⅱ类2分类		安氏Ⅲ类
性别	人数	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
男	2 629	829	31.53	437	16.62	336	12.78	524	19.93
女	2 645	804	30.40	426	16.11	338	12.78	485	18.34
合计	5 274	1 633	30.96	863	16.36	674	12.78	1 009	19.13

错畸形的临床表现		合计		男性		女性		χ²值	P值
错畸形的临床表现		n	%	n	%	n	%	χ²值	P值
牙列拥挤*	正常	459	8.70	272	10.35	187	7.07	17.811	<0.001
	拥挤	4 815	91.30	2 357	89.65	2 458	92.93
前牙覆*	正常	1 973	40.00	901	36.76	1 072	43.21	22.064	<0.001
	深覆	2 959	60.00	1 550	63.24	1 409	56.79
前牙覆盖*	正常	2 423	48.98	1 096	44.53	1 327	53.38	39.035	<0.001
	深覆盖	2 524	51.02	1 365	55.47	1 159	46.62
牙列间隙*	正常	4 150	78.69	1 994	75.85	2 156	81.51	25.240	<0.001
	有牙列间隙	1 124	21.31	635	24.15	489	18.49
前牙反	无反	4 957	93.99	2 464	93.72	2 493	94.25	0.654	0.419
	反	317	6.01	165	6.28	152	5.75
前牙开	无开	5 243	99.41	2 614	99.41	2 629	99.41	0.027	0.870
	开	31	0.59	15	0.59	16	0.59

调查项目		调查人数	正常颌		错颌畸形		χ²值	P值
调查项目		调查人数	n	%	n	%	χ²值	P值
性别*	男	2 670	503	18.84	2 167	81.16	7.235	0.007
	女	2 717	592	21.79	2 125	78.21
城乡	城	2 715	579	21.33	2 136	78.67	3.375	0.066
	乡	2 672	516	19.31	2 156	80.69
年龄/岁	12	1 619	352	21.74	1 267	78.26	4.865	0.088
	13	1 823	342	18.76	1 481	81.24
	14	1 945	401	20.62	1 544	79.38
地区*	赣州	1 053	252	23.93	801	76.07	31.257	<0.001
	九江	1 065	201	18.87	864	81.13
	南昌	1 126	183	16.25	943	83.75
	上饶	1 098	262	23.86	836	76.14
	宜春	1 045	197	18.85	848	81.15
合计		5 387	1 095	20.33	4 292	79.67

调查项目		错颌畸	正畸治	正畸治疗	χ²值	P值
调查项目		形人数	疗人数	率/%	χ²值	P值
性别*	男	2 167	41	1.89	9.370	0.002
	女	2 125	72	3.39
城乡*	城	2 136	77	3.60	15.674	<0.001
	乡	2 156	36	1.67
合计		4 292	113	2.63