老年人口腔健康状况与认知功能的相关性研究

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2025.2024108

华西口腔医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 220-226.doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2025.2024108

• 临床研究 • 上一篇

老年人口腔健康状况与认知功能的相关性研究

许力升¹(), 刘帆², 韦靖怡³, 郑欣¹, 李晓英¹, 张玲¹()

^1.口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室国家口腔医学中心国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心四川大学华西口腔医院牙体牙髓病科，成都 610041
^2.口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室国家口腔医学中心国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心四川大学华西口腔医院护理部，成都 610041
^3.口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室国家口腔医学中心国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心四川大学华西口腔医院消毒供应室，成都 610041

收稿日期:2024-03-28 修回日期:2024-12-30 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-03-25
通讯作者: 张玲 E-mail:lisheng__xu@163.com;zhangling_hxkq@scu.edu.cn;zhangling_hxkq@ scu.edu.cn
作者简介:许力升，护师，硕士，E-mail：lisheng__xu@163.com
基金资助:
四川省护理学会重点研发课题(H21004);四川大学华西口腔医院探索与研究项目(RD-01-202302)

A study on the correlation between oral health status and cognitive impairment in elderly population

Xu Lisheng¹(), Liu Fan², Wei Jingyi³, Zheng Xin¹, Li Xiaoying¹, Zhang Ling¹()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Nursing, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Sterile Supply, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China

Received:2024-03-28 Revised:2024-12-30 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-03-25
Contact: Zhang Ling E-mail:lisheng__xu@163.com;zhangling_hxkq@scu.edu.cn;zhangling_hxkq@ scu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Nursing Association(H21004);Research and Development Program of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University(RD-01-202302)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的本研究拟通过横断面研究探索老年人群口腔健康状况与其认知功能的关系。方法选取2022年8月—2024年3月就诊于四川大学华西口腔医院的老年人（年龄≥60岁）作为调查对象。根据蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分将其分为认知功能障碍（CI）组和健康对照（HC）组。收集所有老年人的一般资料以及口腔健康状况指标。采用独立样本t检验和χ²检验进行组间比较，采用多元线性回归模型对MoCA得分进行多因素分析。结果研究共纳入402名老年人，CI组余留牙数量显著低于HC组，龋均指数、简化软垢指数、牙龈指数、牙周袋深度（PD）和临床附着丧失均显著高于HC组，义齿佩戴情况两组无差异。多元线性回归结果显示，矫正混杂因素后，余留牙数量和PD与MoCA得分具有相关性。结论 CI老年人相较于认知正常老年人口腔健康问题突出，余留牙数量和PD与老年人认知功能之间可能存在双向关系。

关键词: 认知功能障碍, 老年人, 龋病, 牙周病, 牙齿脱落, 多元线性回归

Abstract:

Objective This cross-sectional study aims to explore the association between oral health status and cognitive function in Chinese elderly individuals. Methods The survey participants were composed of elderly people aged≥60 who were admitted to West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from August 2022 to March 2024. They were divided into a cognitive impairment (CI) group and a healthy control (HC) group according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. General information and oral health indicators of all elderly people were collected. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used for inter-group comparison, and multiple linear regression model was applied for multivariate analysis of MoCA scores. Results A total of 402 elderly people were included in the study, and the number of remaining teeth in the CI group was significantly lower than that in the HC group. The decayed, missing, filled teeth index, debris index-simplified, gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss in the CI group were all significantly higher than those in the HC group. There was no difference in denture wearing between the two groups. The results of multiple linear regression showed that there was a correlation between the number of remaining teeth and PD and MoCA scores after correcting for confounding factors. Conclusion Elderly individuals with CI have more prominent oral health issues compared to those with normal cognitive function. There may be a bidirectional relationship between the number of remaining teeth, PD, and cognitive function in elderly people.

Key words: cognitive impairment, the elderly, dental caries, periodontal diseases, tooth loss, multiple linear regression

中图分类号:

R787

许力升, 刘帆, 韦靖怡, 郑欣, 李晓英, 张玲. 老年人口腔健康状况与认知功能的相关性研究[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2025, 43(2): 220-226.

Xu Lisheng, Liu Fan, Wei Jingyi, Zheng Xin, Li Xiaoying, Zhang Ling. A study on the correlation between oral health status and cognitive impairment in elderly population[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2025, 43(2): 220-226.

图/表 3

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参考文献 29

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项目	HC组	CI组	统计量	P值
年龄/岁	69.49±7.07	71.62±7.61	-2.874^a	0.004^**
性别			2.183^b	0.140
女	129	104
男	106	63
学历			18.338^b	<0.001^***
初中及以下	65	81
高中及以上	170	86
婚姻状况			4.719^b	0.194
已婚	201	143
离异	4	0
丧偶	28	24
未婚	2	0
居住地			1.094^b	0.296
农村	17	17
城镇	218	150
目前居住情况			6.596^b	0.086
独居	24	14
夫妻	146	93
子女	65	57
其他	0	3
工作状态			14.948^b	<0.001^***
在职	8	1
离退休	218	144
无业	9	22
人均年收入/万元	6.51±4.62	5.44±4.89	2.218^a	0.027^*
BMI	23.73±3.24	23.36±3.03	1.152^a	0.250
睡眠时间			2.019^b	0.155
<5 h	70	61
5~10 h	165	106
视力受损			1.063^b	0.302
无	105	66
有	130	101
听力受损			2.465^b	0.116
无	206	137
有	29	30
慢性病种类			4.026^b	0.045^*
0~1种	184	116
≥2种	51	51
服药数量			3.016^b	0.082
0~5种	223	151
>5种	12	16
BADL	98.7±4.2	95.21±11.63	3.711^a	<0.001^***
吸烟			0.080^b	0.777
戒烟/不吸烟	209	150
吸烟	26	17
喝酒			0.860^b	0.354
从不喝/戒酒	190	141
喝酒	45	26

项目	整体	HC组	CI组	统计量	P值
余留牙数量	21.84±6.66	23.5±5.57	19.49±7.35	5.941^a	<0.001^***
义齿佩戴情况				0.018^b	0.895
佩戴义齿	191	111	80
无义齿	211	124	87
DT	2.56±3.66	2.48±3.61	2.67±3.73	-0.524^a	0.601
MT	2.17±4.56	1.35±3.68	3.34±5.37	-4.142^a	<0.001^***
FT	1.16±2.65	1.04±2.36	1.32±3.02	-1.062^a	0.289
DMFT	5.95±6.38	4.90±5.78	7.41±6.89	-3.847^a	<0.001^***
DI-S	5.25±3.52	4.87±3.52	5.78±3.45	-2.574^a	0.010^*
CI-S	4.91±3.91	4.59±3.88	5.36±3.90	-1.960^a	0.051
GI	1.13±0.70	1.01±0.71	1.28±0.65	-3.946^a	<0.001^***
PD	2.07±1.27	1.82±1.21	2.42±1.26	-4.765^a	<0.001^***
CAL	1.42±1.41	1.16±1.31	1.78±1.46	-4.371^a	<0.001^***

	B值	标准误	β值	t值	P值	容忍度	VIF
常量	13.944	2.266		6.154	<0.001
无业	-4.930	0.718	-0.300	-6.870	<0.001	0.866	1.154
余留牙数量	0.147	0.028	0.222	5.255	<0.001	0.923	1.084
学历	2.001	0.399	0.219	5.017	<0.001	0.870	1.149
PD	-0.509	0.149	-0.147	-3.415	<0.001	0.895	1.118
BADL得分	0.079	0.022	0.150	3.668	<0.001	0.989	1.011

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老年人口腔健康状况与认知功能的相关性研究

A study on the correlation between oral health status and cognitive impairment in elderly population

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