乳磨牙萌出障碍的临床表现分析

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025108

华西口腔医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 513-517.doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2025.2025108

• 儿童口腔医学诊疗新进展 • 上一篇下一篇

乳磨牙萌出障碍的临床表现分析

王曼婷¹^,²(), 姜定卓², 朱萧², 钱琳娜², 勾俊卓², 蒋文翔², 吴志芳²()

^1.常州市中医医院钟楼院区儿童口腔科，常州市口腔医院，南京中医药大学常州附属医院，常州 213000
^2.浙江大学医学院附属口腔医院儿童口腔科，浙江大学口腔医学院，浙江省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心，浙江省口腔生物医学研究重点实验室，浙江大学癌症研究院，口腔生物材料与器械浙江省工程研究中心，杭州 310000

收稿日期:2025-03-19 修回日期:2025-07-23 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-08-29
通讯作者: 吴志芳 E-mail:wangmanting98@163.com;wzf1980@zju.edu.cn
作者简介:王曼婷，住院医师，硕士，E-mail：wangmanting98@163.com

Clinical manifestation analysis of the eruption failure of deciduous molars

Wang Manting¹^,²(), Jiang Dingzhou², Zhu Xiao², Qian Linna², Gou Junzhuo², Jiang Wenxiang², Wu Zhifang²()

^1.Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Zhonglou Hospital of Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou Stomatological Hospital, the Affiliated Changzhou Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213000, China
^2.Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for Oral Biomaterials and Devices, Hangzhou 310000, China

Received:2025-03-19 Revised:2025-07-23 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-08-29
Contact: Wu Zhifang E-mail:wangmanting98@163.com;wzf1980@zju.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的基于口腔曲面体层片，分析乳磨牙萌出障碍的发生率、影像学特点及临床伴随症状，为乳磨牙萌出障碍的诊疗提供依据。方法回顾2021年1月—2023年12月间在浙江大学医学院附属口腔医院拍摄的4~8岁儿童口腔曲面体层片，纳入研究对象31 331例，进行乳磨牙萌出障碍影像学诊断，分析记录乳磨牙萌出障碍的发生率、影像学特征及伴随症状。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。结果本研究中4~8岁儿童的乳磨牙萌出障碍发生率为0.94%（296/31 331），女性发生率是男性的1.55倍，男、女性发生率间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。受累牙中下颌第一乳磨牙占76.4%，下颌第二乳磨牙占13.8%，上颌乳磨牙共占9.8%。受累乳磨牙的低位咬合程度与邻牙倾斜、对颌牙伸长均有显著相关性（P<0.001）。结论基于本研究得出4~8岁儿童乳磨牙萌出障碍发生率为0.94%，女性发生率高于男性，最好发的部位是下颌，最好发的牙位是下颌第一乳磨牙。对于重度萌出障碍乳磨牙应尽早干预，以有效防止咬合紊乱、间隙丧失等并发症的出现。

关键词: 乳磨牙, 萌出障碍, 曲面体层片, 并发症

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the incidence, imaging characteristics, and clinical manifestations of the eruption failure of deciduous molars using panoramic radiographs to provide a foundation for diagnosis and treatment in this population. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed panoramic radiographs of children aged 4-8 years obtained from Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2021 and December 2023. A total of 31 331 subjects were included for the radiographic assessment of the tooth eruption failure of deciduous molars. Incidence, radiographic characteristics, and associated complications were documented. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Results The incidence of the eruption failure of deciduous molars among children aged 4-8 years was 0.94% (296/31 331). The rate was 1.55 times higher in females than in males, demonstrating a significant gender difference (P<0.001). Among the affected deciduous molars, mandibular first deciduous molars accounted for 76.4%, followed by the mandibular second deciduous molars (13.8%), and the maxillary deciduous molars collectively comprised 9.8%. The severity of eruption disorders was significantly associated with the mesial and distal tilting of adjacent teeth and elongation of the antagonist (P<0.001). Conclusion The incidence of the eruption failure of deciduous molars in children aged 4-8 years was 0.94%, with a high prevalence in females and a predilection for the mandible, particularly the mandibular first deciduous molar. For deciduous molars with severe eruption failure, early intervention is crucial to mitigate complications such as malocclusion and space loss.

Key words: deciduous molar, eruption failure, panoramic radiograph, complication

中图分类号:

R788

王曼婷, 姜定卓, 朱萧, 钱琳娜, 勾俊卓, 蒋文翔, 吴志芳. 乳磨牙萌出障碍的临床表现分析[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2025, 43(4): 513-517.

Wang Manting, Jiang Dingzhou, Zhu Xiao, Qian Linna, Gou Junzhuo, Jiang Wenxiang, Wu Zhifang. Clinical manifestation analysis of the eruption failure of deciduous molars[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2025, 43(4): 513-517.

图/表 2

参考文献 26

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分度	上颌第一乳磨牙	上颌第二乳磨牙	下颌第一乳磨牙	下颌第二乳磨牙	合计
合计	15	20	272	49	356
轻度	9	2	252	3	266
中度	1	1	8	1	11
重度	5	17	12	45	79

伴发症状		乳磨牙萌出障碍分度（n/%）			合计
伴发症状		轻度	中度	重度	合计
龋齿	龋/补	79/77.5	3/2.9	20/19.6	102
	未见龋坏	187/73.6	8/3.1	59/23.2	254
近中牙齿	无倾斜	263/84.0	11/3.5	39/12.5	313
	倾斜	1/2.9	0/0.0	34/97.1	35
	未萌/早失	2/25.0	0/0.0	6/75.0	8
远中牙齿	无倾斜	252/95.1	9/3.4	4/1.5	265
	倾斜	5/13.9	1/2.8	30/83.3	36
	未萌/早失	9/16.4	1/1.8	45/81.8	55
对颌牙	无伸长	258/86.0	10/3.3	32/10.7	300
	伸长	2/4.7	1/2.3	40/93.0	43
	未萌/早失	6/46.2	0/0.0	7/53.8	13

乳磨牙萌出障碍的临床表现分析

Clinical manifestation analysis of the eruption failure of deciduous molars

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