华西口腔医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 314-324.doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2025.2024427

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口腔潜在恶性病变的临床病理学诊断研究进展

崔莹莹1,2(), 丁传扬1,2(), 彭超然2, 张建运2, 蔡鑫嘉1(), 李铁军2()   

  1. 1.北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院中心实验室 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081
    2.北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院病理科 国家口腔医学中心 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-26 修回日期:2025-03-20 出版日期:2025-06-01 发布日期:2025-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 蔡鑫嘉,李铁军 E-mail:cyy1633488108@163.com;yangfreefei@163.com;caixinjia1994@163.com;litiejun22@vip.sina.com
  • 作者简介:崔莹莹,学士,E-mail:cyy1633488108@163.com|丁传扬,硕士,E-mail:yangfreefei@163.com|李铁军,中国牙病防治基金会理事长,中华口腔医学会口腔生物医学专业委员会前任主任委员,中华口腔医学会口腔病理学专业委员会副主任委员,北京大学口腔医学院教授、博士生导师,政府特殊津贴获得者。研究方向为口腔肿瘤的分子发病机制与生长行为。2006年获国家杰出青年科学基金,2011年获国家自然科学基金重点项目,2019年获中国医学科学院院外创新单元项目。发表学术论文100余篇,其中SCI收录88篇。2014年以来7次被爱思唯尔Scopus数据库列为中国高被引学者。主编专著11部。先后获中国高校自然科学奖二等奖、教育部自然科学奖二等奖和北京市科技进步三等奖;获卫生部有突出贡献中青年专家和中国科协全国优秀科技工作者等称号。
  • 基金资助:
    中国医学科学院口腔颌面部肿瘤精准病理诊断创新单元(2019-I2M-5-038);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZB2024-0038);北京慢性病防治与健康教育研究会、中关村人才协会医工领域“未来人才”培养计划(MBRC0012025013)

Progress in clinicopathological diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders

Cui Yingying1,2(), Ding Chuanyang1,2(), Peng Chaoran2, Zhang Jianyun2, Cai Xinjia1(), Li Tiejun2()   

  1. 1.Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
    2.Dept. of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-11-26 Revised:2025-03-20 Online:2025-06-01 Published:2025-06-10
  • Contact: Cai Xinjia,Li Tiejun E-mail:cyy1633488108@163.com;yangfreefei@163.com;caixinjia1994@163.com;litiejun22@vip.sina.com
  • Supported by:
    Innovative Unit Project for Precise Pathological Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumors, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-038);Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZB20240038);Beijing Research Association for Chronic Diseases Control and Health Education, Zhongguancun Talent Association Medical Field “Future Talent” Training Program(MBRC0012025013)

摘要:

随着口腔组织病理学研究的不断发展,具有显著癌变风险的口腔黏膜疾病的命名和分类经历了多次更替。2005年世界卫生组织(WHO)提出了口腔潜在恶性病变的概念以替代术语口腔癌前病变和癌前状态,2021年WHO口腔癌协作中心共识中,口腔潜在恶性病变被定义为“任何与口腔癌发生风险统计学上增加有关的口腔黏膜异常”,包括口腔白斑、口腔黏膜下纤维性变、增殖性疣状白斑、口腔扁平苔藓等病变。由于口腔潜在恶性病变的病因较为复杂,发病和癌变机制尚不明确,对其进行早期精准诊疗有助于实现口腔癌的二级预防。本综述回顾了口腔潜在恶性病变的命名、分类及组织病理学诊断标准的历史演变和研究进展,以期为这类疾病的临床精准诊断提供依据。

关键词: 口腔潜在恶性病变, 口腔白斑, 口腔黏膜下纤维性变, 增殖性疣状白斑, 口腔扁平苔藓

Abstract:

As the field of oral pathology has evolved, the nomenclature and classification of oral mucosal diseases with a remarkable risk of malignant transformation have undergone several modifications. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the concept of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) as an alternative to the terms for oral precancerous lesions and precancerous conditions. In the consensus report by the WHO Collaborating Center for Oral Cancer of 2021, OPMD is defined as “any oral mucosal abnormality that is associated with a statistically increased risk of developing oral cancer.”This definition encompasses a range of conditions, in-cluding oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and other lesions. In light of the complex etiology, unclear pathogenesis, and carcinogenesis of OPMDs, early and precise diagnosis and treatment can contribute to the secondary prevention of oral cancer. For this reason, this review, which aims to provide a basis for the precise clinical diagnosis of OPMDs, was performed. Its aim was achieved by reviewing the historical evolution and research progress of the nomenclature, classification, and histopathological diagnostic criteria of OPMDs.

Key words: oral potentially malignant disorders, oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, oral lichen planus

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