2015—2020年河南省儿童第一恒磨牙健康状况调查

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2022.05.009

华西口腔医学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 560-565.doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2022.05.009

2015—2020年河南省儿童第一恒磨牙健康状况调查

李凤娟(), 王丽茹, 许凤鸣, 王旭, 刘晶晶, 王延鑫, 张书芳

河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所学校与儿少卫生研究室，郑州 450016

收稿日期:2022-04-24 修回日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2022-10-01 发布日期:2022-10-17
通讯作者: 李凤娟 E-mail:hncdclfj@126.com
作者简介:李凤娟，主管医师，硕士，E-mail：hncdclfj@126.com
基金资助:
河南省医学科技攻关计划（联合共建）项目(LHGJ20-190703);河南省科技攻关项目(222102310472)

Health status of children’s first permanent molars in Henan province from 2015 to 2020

Li Fengjuan(), Wang Liru, Xu Fengming, Wang Xu, Liu Jingjing, Wang Yanxin, Zhang Shufang.

School and Children’s Health Section, Institute of Public Health, Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China

Received:2022-04-24 Revised:2022-08-15 Online:2022-10-01 Published:2022-10-17
Contact: Li Fengjuan E-mail:hncdclfj@126.com
Supported by:
Medical Science and Technology Project of Henan Province (Joint Construction)(LHGJ20190703);Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(222102310472);Correspondence: Li Fengjuan, E-mail: hncdclfj@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解河南省6~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙萌出、患龋及窝沟封闭等情况。方法对中国儿童口腔疾病综合干预项目信息管理系统中2015—2020年河南省口腔健康检查数据进行分析。结果河南486 865名儿童中，6~9岁儿童4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率为73.44%，患龋率30.35%，龋均（0.67±1.18）颗，龋补充填比4.45%，窝沟封闭率2.36%。2015—2020年，6、7、8岁儿童4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率都呈下降趋势（χ²_趋分别为385.793、964.142、71.964，P<0.05），而6~9岁儿童患龋率、龋均、龋补充填比及窝沟封闭率均呈上升趋势（χ²_趋/F_趋分别为1 115.87、1 270.53、1 215.02、763.48，均P<0.05）。4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率郊县（75.41%）高于城市（71.90%）（χ²=756.44，P<0.05），而患龋率、龋均、龋补充填比及窝沟封闭率城市（34.23%、0.76±1.24、4.99%、3.75%）均高于郊县（25.39%、0.55±1.09、3.50%、0.58%）（χ²分别为4 435.30、3 922.56、390.89、5 262.76，均P<0.05）。上颌第一恒磨牙完全萌出率（84.96%）高于下颌（82.88%）（χ²=1 565.70，P<0.05），龋齿发生率下颌（26.07%）高于上颌（13.88%）（χ²=38 112.53，P<0.05）。结论河南省6~9岁儿童第一恒磨牙健康状况不容乐观，萌出率呈下降趋势，患龋率呈上升趋势，龋补充填率以及窝沟封闭率均较低。这提示人们应关注儿童的饮食习惯和口腔卫生，进一步加强口腔健康教育，提高其口腔保健意识。

关键词: 第一恒磨牙, 萌出, 患龋, 窝沟封闭

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the eruption, caries, and pit and fissure sealing of the first permanent molars in children aged 6-9 years in Henan province. Methods The data of oral health examination in Henan province from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed in the information management system of China Children Oral Disease Comprehensive Intervention Project. Results Among 486 865 children in Henan province, the total eruption rate of the four first permanent molars was 73.44%, The prevalence rate of dental caries was 30.35%, DMFT was 0.67±1.18, the ratio of caries fil-ling was 4.45%, and the rate of pit and fissure sealing was 2.36%. From 2015 to 2020, the total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in children aged 6, 7, and 8 showed a decreasing trend (χ²_trend was 385.793, 964.142, and 71.964, respectively, all P<0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT caries filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in children aged 6-9 increased (χ²_trend/F_trend was 1 115.87, 1 270.53, 1 215.02, 763.48, respectively, all P<0.05). The total eruption rates of the four first permanent molars in suburban counties (75.41%) were higher than those in urban areas (71.90%) (χ²=756.44, P<0.05). The prevalence rates of dental caries, DMFT, filling ratio, and pit and fissure sealing rate in urban areas (34.23%, 0.76±1.24, 4.99%, and 3.75%, respectively) were higher than those in suburban areas (25.39%, 0.55±1.09, 3.50%, and 0.58%, respectively) (χ² was 4 435.30, 3 922.56, 390.89, and 5 262.76, respectively, P<0.05). The first permanent molar eruption completely rate maxillary (84.96%) was higher than mandible (82.88%) (χ²=1 565.70, P<0.05), and the dental caries risk of the mandible (26.07%) was higher than that of the upper (13.88%) (χ²=38 112.53, P<0.05). Conclusion The health status of the first permanent molars of children aged 6-9 years in Henan province is not optimistic. The eruption rate decreased, the incidence of caries increased, and the rates of caries filling and pit and fissure sealing were low. We should pay attention to children’s eating habits and oral health, strengthen oral health education, and improve oral health awareness.

Key words: first permanent molars, eruption, risk of caries, pit and fissure sealing

中图分类号:

R 780.1

李凤娟, 王丽茹, 许凤鸣, 王旭, 刘晶晶, 王延鑫, 张书芳. 2015—2020年河南省儿童第一恒磨牙健康状况调查[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2022, 40(5): 560-565.

Li Fengjuan, Wang Liru, Xu Fengming, Wang Xu, Liu Jingjing, Wang Yanxin, Zhang Shufang.. Health status of children’s first permanent molars in Henan province from 2015 to 2020[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2022, 40(5): 560-565.

图/表 5

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类别		受检人数	上颌（n/%）	下颌（n/%）	χ²₁值	全部（n/%）	χ²₂/χ²_2趋值
性别	男	264 665	448 535/84.74	431 505/81.52	1 953.23*	191 816/72.48	278.80*
性别	女	222 200	378 734/85.22	375 478/84.49	92.83*	165 754/74.60
城郊	城市	272 951	460 052/84.27	446 153/81.73	1 254.04*	196 258/71.90	756.44*
城郊	郊县	213 914	367 217/85.83	360 830/84.34	375.71*	161 312/75.41
年龄/岁	6	65 740	108 968/82.88	107 110/81.46	89.61*	46 679/71.01	2 498.66*
	7	301 615	504 488/83.63	492 133/81.58	880.607*	215 947/71.60
	8	112 322	200 268/89.15	194 455/86.56	704.89*	88 587/78.87
	9	7 188	13 545/94.22	13 285/92.41	37.69*	6 357/88.44
合计		486 865	827 269/84.96	806 983/82.88	1 565.70*	357 570/73.44

年度/年	6岁		7岁		8岁		9岁
年度/年	受检人数	萌出率（n/%）	受检人数	萌出率（n/%）	受检人数	萌出率（n/%）	受检人数	萌出率（n/%）
2015	15 657	11 655/74.44	45 794	34 642/75.65	12 526	10 508/83.89	698	619/88.68
2016	13 350	9 750/73.03	49 107	36 676/74.69	15 650	12 531/80.07	745	642/86.17
2017	10 995	7 979/72.57	51 877	37 565/72.41	19 554	15 069/77.06	1 280	1 157/90.39
2018	11 781	8 252/70.04	49 568	34 308/69.21	19 678	15 061/76.54	1 577	1 411/89.47
2019	7 011	4 680/66.75	53 508	37 082/69.30	19 190	15 156/78.98	1 273	1 137/89.32
2020	6 946	4 363/62.81	51 761	35 674/68.92	25 724	20 262/78.77	1 615	1 391/86.13
合计	65 740	46 679/71.01	301 615	215 947/71.60	112 322	88 587/78.87	7 188	6 357/88.44
χ²_趋值		385.793		964.142		71.964		1.911
P值		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		0.167

类别		受检人数	患龋率（n/%）	χ²/χ²_趋值	龋均	t/F_趋值
性别	男	264 665	70 746/26.73	3 591.24*	0.57±1.11	3 675.82*
性别	女	222 200	77 010/34.66		0.78±1.26
城郊	城市	272 951	93 440/34.23	4 435.30*	0.76±1.24	3 922.56*
城郊	郊县	213 914	54 316/25.39		0.55±1.09
年龄/岁	6	65 740	18 244/27.75	842.60*	0.60±1.12	419.91*
	7	301 615	89 390/29.64		0.65±1.16
	8	112 322	37 544/33.43		0.75±1.25
	9	7 188	2 578/35.87		0.86±1.35
年度/年	2015	74 675	20 479/27.42	1 115.87*	0.60±1.14	1 270.53*
	2016	78 852	21 981/27.88		0.59±1.12
	2017	83 706	24 240/28.96		0.62±1.14
	2018	82 604	26 449/32.02		0.70±1.20
	2019	80 982	25 827/31.89		0.71±1.22
	2020	86 046	28 780/33.45		0.76±1.26
合计		486 865	147 756/30.35		0.67±1.18

类别		萌出牙数	龋患率（n/%）	χ²值	P值
合计		1 634 252	325 158/19.90
牙位	右上	411 721	55 759/13.54	38 178.57	<0.001
	左上	415 548	59 025/14.20
	左下	403 683	105 784/26.20
	右下	403 300	104 590/25.93
颌位	上颌	827 269	114 784/13.88	38 112.53	<0.001
	下颌	806 983	210 374/26.07

类别		受检人数	患龋牙数	龋补充填比（n/%）	χ²/χ²_趋值	窝沟封闭率（n/%）	χ²/χ²_趋值
性别	男	264 665	151 933	6 192/4.08	94.45*	5 572/2.11	160.77*
性别	女	222 200	173 225	8 280/4.78		5 908/2.66
城郊	城市	272 951	207 841	10 367/4.99	390.89*	10 248/3.75	5 262.76*
城郊	郊县	213 914	117 317	4 105/3.50		1 232/0.58
年龄/岁	6	65 740	39 207	1 507/3.84	42.47*	1 359/2.07	320.66*
	7	301 615	195 097	8 839/4.53		6 476/2.15
	8	112 322	84 652	3 875/4.58		3 281/2.92
	9	7 188	6 202	251/4.05		364/5.06
年度/年	2015	74 675	44 850	1 255/2.80	1 215.02*	1 337/1.79	763.48*
	2016	78 852	46 835	1 404/3.00		1 422/1.80
	2017	83 706	51 982	1 905/3.66		1 598/1.91
	2018	82 604	58 211	2 596/4.46		1 764/2.14
	2019	80 982	57 803	3 258/5.64		2 305/2.85
	2020	86 046	65 477	4 054/6.19		3 054/3.55
合计		486 865	325 158	14 472/4.45		11 480/2.36

2015—2020年河南省儿童第一恒磨牙健康状况调查

Health status of children’s first permanent molars in Henan province from 2015 to 2020

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