HX straight-wire appliance（HX-SWA） is designed and adjusted by doctors of Orthodontic Department, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University. It is a set of appliance that is constructed according to normal occlusion features of the Chinese people, including the prescription of tip, torque, in/out, counter-tip, counter-rotation and overcorrection in brackets and buccal tubes. Some ingredients of the appliance are different from that of the most popular Roth straight-wire appliance in the world wide. Over a period of the last 10 years, doctors in our hospital kept on summarizing treatment experience with HX-SWA, which will help more doctors promote practice and results in orthodontic clinic.

Objective To investigate the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Matrine on cell cycle and human telomerase reverse transcriptase（hTERT） of human ACC-M cell lines. Methods Different concentrations of Matrine were used in the medium of ACC-M cells. Change of cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry after ACC-M cell were cultivated with different concentrations Matrine（0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 mg·mL-1）. Expression of hTERT was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain raction（RT-PCR） and indirect immunofluorescene and flow cytometry quantitative analysis. Results Matrine caused obviously the G0/G1 phase block and inhibited proliferation of ACC-M cells. At same time, this effect was positive correlation to Matrine concentration and treat time. Matrine can inhibit the expression of hTERT mRNA and protein. Conclusion Matrine can obviously inhibit cell cycle and down-regulate expression of hTERT. Inhibition of cell cycle is possible correlation with down-regulation expression of hTERT.

Objective To evaluate the effect of different root canal irrigants on smear layer removal and dentinal tubule opening of root canal surfaces after post space preparation. Methods Thirty maxillary anteriors were endodontically treated. After post space preparation, the teeth were assigned to three groups with ten teeth each: group A, B, C. 3% H2O2, 15% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid（EDTA）, 15% EDTA and 3% NaClO were used as irrigant of group A, B, C. After post space irrigation, eight teeth of each group were examined under scanning electron microscope （SEM） for smear layer removal and dentinal tubule opening. The left two specimens were restored with fiber posts and prepared for evaluation of resin tag formation. Results The cleansing effectiveness of group A, B and C was respectively 3.89±0.36, 1.77±0.30, 1.25±0.21. The dentinal tubule opening of group A, B and C was respectively （2.53± 0.19）, （3.11±0.23）, （3.83±0.52）μm. The cleansing effectiveness and dentinal tubule opening of root canal surfaces were significantly affected by different root canal irrigants（P<0.05）. Excessive erosion of the dentin was observed in group C. Resin tag formation differed between the three irrigant groups, and group B showed excellent resin tag formation. Conclusion Irrigation with 15% EDTA after post space preparation can excellently remove the smear layer and improve dentinal tubule opening, permitting well penetration of resin adhesive into the dentinal tubules and collagen fibrillar structure.

Objective To clone the FimA gene of fimbriae from Porphyromonas gingivalis（P.gingivalis） and to construct prokaryotic expression vector which was induced in E.coli BL21（DE3）pLyS in the form of fusion protein expression and to identify, purify the product of its expression. Methods To clone the FimA gene of fimbriae from P.gingivalis and to construct prokaryotic expression vector pET15b-FimA vector which was transformed into the competent cells of BL21（DE3）pLyS. The expression of fusion protein was induced by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside（IPTG）. With anti-6×His Tag monoclonal antibody as the first antibody, the expressed fusion protein was characterized by Western blot and purified by Co2+-NTA affinity chromatography. Results Cloned FimA gene sequencesand inserted into expression vector of the FimA sequences were related to the sequence in GenBank database showed 100% homology. IPTG induced and then identified by Western blot showed a fragment of 4.1×104 has been expressed. Co2+-NTA affinity chromatography column was used to obtain high concentrations of FimA purified protein. Conclusion The recombinant prokaryotic expression vector of pET15b-FimA was constructed and was expressed and purified successfully in E.coli BL21（DE3）pLyS. This study laid the experimental foundation to further prepare for monoclonal antibodies of fimbriae of P.gingivalis and to develop the subunit protein vaccine of prevention of periodontitis.

Objective To investigate the proliferation effects of arsenic trioxide（As2O3） on salivary adenoid cystic carcinma-2（ACC-2） cells in vitro and to study the role of Survivin on the apoptosis of ACC-2 induced by As2O3. Methods ACC-2 cells were treated with different concentration of As2O3 for different time. The inhibitory effects on cell′s viability were assayed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT） test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of Survivin mRNA and protein were investigated by reverse transcription -polymerase chain raction （RT-PCR） and Western blot analysis respectively. Results Cell viability after As2O3 treatment was markedly suppressed and exhibited as a dose- and time-dependent pattern. The apoptotic index showed the similar trend. The results of RT-PCR revealed gene expression of Survivin was suppressed significantly. Through Western blot analysis, a negative correlation between concentration and amount of protein product of Survivin was determined. Conclusion As2O3 might markedly suppressed ACC-2 cell′s viability in vitro. The inhibition of Survivin gene expression may play a critical role on ACC-2 cell apoptosis induced by As2O3.

Objective To evaluate a new type of diatomite-based machinable ceramic biocompatibility by studying its induced apoptosis on L929 cell in contrasted with other prosthodontics materials. Methods Cell line was treated with extracting liquid containing different concentrations of diatomite-based machinable ceramic and other materials. Flow cytometry tested cell cycle progression and induced cell apoptosis. Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis staining kit quantitative detected cell death patterns. The expression of Bcl -2 and Bax mRNA were determined by reverse transcription -polymerase chain raction. Results The experimental groups had no special influence on cell cycle. Apoptosis rates of the new ceramic closed to the negative group（P>0.05）. The apoptosis rate of resin was the highest, and the cell necrosis level of resin was increased, which had significant difference to the new ceramic（P<0.05）. The Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA levels of the new ceramic and the negative group were closed to each other, which had no statistical significance（P>0.05）. Conclusion The new diatomite-based machinable ceramic has no apparent cytotoxicity, which is consistent with the clinical application of the basic requirements of biocompatibility.

Objective To investigate the frequency of mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA） D-loop hypervariable region Ⅱ  HVR Ⅱ） and hypervariable region Ⅲ（HVR Ⅲ） mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC） and their orrelation to provide the new targets for the prevention and treatment of OSCC. Methods The D-loop HVR Ⅱ and VR Ⅲ regions of mtDNA in seven cases with OSCC tissues, matched with paracancerous tissues and normal mucosa issues from the same case, were amplified by polymerase chain raction（PCR）, then were detected by direct equencing to find the mutantsites after the comparison of all sequencing results with the mtDNA Cambridge sequence n the GenBank database. Results 82（56 species） nucleotide changes, with 51（26 species） nucleotide polymor - hism, were found after the comparison of all sequencing results with the mtDNA Cambridge sequence in the Gen- ank database. 31（30 species） mutations, with 21 located within the HVR Ⅱ and HVR Ⅲ regions, were found in 3 umor tissue samples, their paracancerous and normal mucosa tissue were found more polymorphic changes but no utation. The mtDNA D-loop HVR Ⅱ and HVR Ⅲ regions mutation rate was 42.9%（3/7） in OSCC. Conclusion The tDNA D-loop HVR Ⅱ and HVR Ⅲ regions were highly polymorphic and mutable regions in OSCC． It suggested hat the D -loop HVR Ⅱ and HVR Ⅲ regions of mtDNA might play a significant role in the tumorigenesis f OSCC. It may become new targets for the gene therapy of OSCC by regulating the above indexes.

Objective The cytotoxic effects of a new formulation of Pingyangmycin-activated carbon nanoparticles（PYM-CH-NP） on two human oral squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 and BcaCD885 cell lines were studied in vitro. Methods The inhibitory effects of PYM-CH-NP and Pingyangmycin（PYM） were evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT） assay at 1 -7 days. The 50% inhibition concentration values（IC50） and relative anti tumor activity（RAA） of PYM-CH-NP and PYM against Tca8113 and BcaCD885 with different drug concentration were evaluated. The time-dependent cytotoxic effects of PYM-CH-NP and PYM were during 1-5 days, so the doseeffect relationship was investigated at 5th day. Results Both PYM-CH-NP and PYM had high anticancer effects on Tca8113 and BcaCD885, and the cytotoxic effects were dose -dependent and time -dependent. Conclusion The activated carbon nanoparticles（CH-NP） may serve as a new drug delivery carrier of PYM. The new formulation PYM-CH-NP could slow down drug release, prolonged the drug concentration and its acting time, so more effective anticancer efficacy could be achieved.

Objective To investigate the effect of fluoride concentration on the corrosion behavior of Ti-12Zr alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy in a simulated oral environment. Methods Each specimen was put into the acidic artificial saliva（pH=4.0） with different NaF concentration（0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%） and electrochemical experiment was carried out. Then the surface microstructure and compositions of specimen were analyzed by scanning electron microscope（SEM） after immersed in the test solution with constant temperature. Results The corrosion potential （Ecorr ） and polarization resistance（Rp） values of titanium alloy decreased with the increasing of NaF concentration, while the corrosion current density（Icorr ） values increased with the increasing of NaF concentration in acidic artificial saliva. The Ecorr, Rp and Icorr values of titanium alloy changed significantly when the NaF concentration was over 0.1% （P＜0.05）. The Rp between Ti-12Zr alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy had a statistically significant difference, and the Rp of Ti -12Zr alloy was higher than that of Ti -6Al -4V alloy when the NaF concentration was 0.2%（P ＜0.05）.Conclusion The fluoride ions have a negative influence on the corrosion resistance of Ti-12Zr alloy and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, especially in the acidic artificial saliva which contained over 0.1% NaF.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of emergency facial trauma in children and mother′ s cognition on it. Methods Descriptive analysis was undertaken for 216 children with maxillofacial trauma. The analysis included age distributions of the children, reasons and places for the trauma, and positions and severity degrees of the trauma. The questionnaires were carried out for the patients′ mothers, to understand the cognition degrees and prognosis factors. Results Most of the patients with facial trauma were aged 1-6, with the male and female ratio of 1.4∶1. Falls were the leading cause for the maxillofacial injuries（83.33%）. The most common types of injury were the soft tissue injuries（63.43%） and the teeth injuries（31.94%）, the jaw fractures were least. 50.00% accidents occurred at home. 97.22% mothers had no knowledge of the facial injuries in children. 69.44% mothers thought it avoidable. It were relevant between mothers′ educations and injuries times（掊2=18.16, P<0.05）. Conclusion Mothers lack the knowledge is one of the most important reasons for the maxillofacial injuries in children. Propaganda should be increased among them to reduce risks of maxillofacial injuries. 

Objective The purpose of this retrospective cephalometric study was to compare changes of the upper lip soft tissue in patients with Class Ⅰ malocclusion after extraction of either first premolars or second premolars. Methods The pretreatment and posttreatment records of 50 patients were used in the study. And 25 patients involved extraction of first premolars and 25 patients involved the extraction of second premolars. The lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before and after treatment were traced and measured. 15 typical values of soft tissue were  measured in Winceph 7.0 software and statistical analysis was carried by SPSS 10.0 software. Results 1）The horizontal and vertical lines were not significant different in the two extraction group before the treatment. But after the treatment the vertical changes of upper lip（A′-X, UL-X） were more apparent in the second premolar extraction group （P<0.05）. 2）In the soft tissue measurements, the values of Sn-A′-UL in the first premolar extraction group were less than those in the second premolar extraction group significantly before the treatment. After the treatment all the patients had a significant increase in length of upper lip. At the same time, UL -EP, A′ -EP distances were diminished obviously（P<0.05）. But the changes were not significant difference between the two premolar extraction groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion The upper lips both changed remarkably after the treatment and there was no significant difference between the two premolar extraction groups.

Objective To study the effects of two primers on the bond strengths between casting pure titanium and resin cements. Methods Two sizes of specimen were fabricated by casting, which diameter were 4 mm and 5 mm respectively, and then were cut into 3 mm thick titanium discs. The titanium surfaces were polished with silicon carbide sand papers under running water and then treated by sandblasting. The two size of titanium disc were ultrasonic cleaned and treated with Alloy Primer, V-Primer or without primer, and then bonded in pairs with the resin -based cements Super -Bond C&B, Panavia F and Rely X Unicem. The specimens were then stored in distilled water（37 ℃） for 24 h. Bond strengths were determined before and after 5 000 thermocycling. The titanium surface morphous and failure mode of the teat specimen were observed. Results The shear bond strengths of titanium treated by Alloy Primer to Super-Bond C&B were （31.23±4.86）, （34.08±3.36）MPa before and after 5 000 thermocycling, which higher than that of other combinations of primers and resin cements. Conclusion Bond strengths were influenced by primers, resin cements, and their combinations. The highest bond strengths were the combinations of Alloy Primer and Super-Bond C&B.

Objective To evaluate the capability of red fluorescence analysis using quantitative light -induced fluorescence（QLF） methods, comparing with green fluorescence analysis, for detection and monitor of enamel early carious lesions on smooth surfaces. Methods 96 students with early enamel carious lesions were required to perform supervised tooth brushing with 0.145% F- dentifrice for six months. QLF images were taken from smooth surfaces of erupted maxillary anterior teeth at baseline and six months later. Both red fluorescence and green fluorescence analysis of carious lesions were carried out. QLF metrics including the areas of lesions（Ar, Aw）, average fluorescence （△R, △F）, total fluorescence（R, △Q）were exported. Results Pearson correlation coefficients between variables of red and green fluorescence were 0.89（Ar vs Aw）, 0.54（△R vs △F） and 0.72（lgR vs lg△Q）. Significant decreases were exhibited by all the quantitative variables at sixth month compared to those at baseline （P<0.05）. Conclusion Red fluorescence analysis using QLF system could quantify the mineral content and monitor the recovery of carious lesions. It could be used to evaluate methods for prevention and cure of caries.

Objective To describe the anatomy of inferior epigastric artery and its correlation with rectus abdominis muscle in order to provide anatomical basis for reconstruction of defect in the oral and maxillofacial region. Methods 10 Chinese adult specimens fixed by 10% formalin were simulated for the design of inferior rectus abdominis flap, and then observing, taking a photograph during the cadavers were being operated and measuring by image analysis software in the end. Results The original external diameters of inferior epigastric artery and length of its trunk were （2.58±0.60）mm and （85.87±14.90）mm respectively. Its perforators distribute intensively toward hilum. Conclusion Whether rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap or deep inferior epigastric perforator flap adapts to reconstruct the defect of oral and maxillofacial region due to invariable traveling of inferior epigastric artery and its wide original external diameters relatively.

Objective To investigate the influence of the restoration methods with different post-and-core systems and root rehabilitation on the fracture resistance property of mandibular premolars with flared root canals. Methods Thirty-six human mandibular premolars were divided randomly into four groups（n=9）. Three experimental groups with flared root canals were restored with prefabricated glass fiber posts and composite resin cores（group A）, prefabricated titanium metal posts and composite resin cores（group B） and cast post-and-cores in combination with root rehabilitation using composite resin（group C）, respectively. The control group with normal root canals was restored with cast post-and-cores（group D）. The four groups were restored with metal crowns. A compressive load was applied at a 30° angle to the long axis of the tooth until fracture, at a crosshead speed of 1 mm·min-1. The fracture was categorized into repairable mode and unrepairable mode. The data was statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Fisher′s exact test. Results The mean failure of the four groups were listed as the followings: Group A（1.39±0.56）kN, group B （1.17±0.40）kN, group C （1.21±0.30）kN, group D （1.31±0.56）kN. There were no significant differences among the groups（P>0.05）. The number of unrepairable fracture in group A, B, C, D were 6, 8, 9, 9, respectively. No significant differences were found among the groups（P >0.05）. Conclusion Different post -and -core systems have no influences on the fracture resistance property of mandibular premolars with flared root canals. Composite resin rehabilitation is an effective method to restore flared canal roots.

Objective To investigate mechanic properties of fiber-reinforced composite（FRC） and its influence on maintaining periodontal health. Methods Sixty patients completing orthodontic treatment were randomized into two groups with FRC and multistrand stainless steel wire（MSSW） being applied as fixed lingual retainer. Bleeding index （BI） and pocket depth（PD） were recorded right after, 6 months and 12 months after bonding the retainer. Flexural modulus and maximum shear bond strength were tested for FRC and MSSW. Results Statistical significance was found at the increase of BI from right after bonding, 6 months after to 12 months after for both groups（P<0.05）, while no statistically significant change was found in PD among the three time points（P >0.05）. There were no difference between the two groups at each time point regarding BI and PD（P >0.05）. The flexural modulus and maximum shear bond strength of FRC were both below to that of MSSW under the same test situation（P<0.001）. Conclusion It is necessary to improve the bonding strength of FRC and reduce its negative effect on periodontal health in addition to its advantage of convenience.

Objective To establish the optimized surgical procedure in our approach to treat the velopharyngeal insufficiency and improve the articulations of the patients with cleft palate over six years old. Methods Thirty-seven subjects over six years（including six years） old underwent the palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty simulta - neously. We assessed the outcome of the surgery by perceptual speech assessment, nasopharyngoscopy and lateral cephalogram 10 to 15 months postoperatively. Results Twenty-two subjects got complete velopharyngeal closure. The velopharyngeal closure ratio of 15 subjects were over 85% according to the findings of the nasopharyngoscopy. Lateral cephalograms reveal that all the subjects could get their velars raised and well contacted with the posterior pharyngeal wall in dynamic condition. Perceptual speech assessment: The rate of hypernasality and nasal emission decreasedsignificantly, and the consonant articulation increased. Conclusion Our surgical procedure in this study corrected the velopharyngeal insufficiency and improved the articulation of the patients over six years old significantly.

Objective To analyze the craniofacial morphology of adult patients with congenital cleft lip and palate using Delaire architectural analysis, and study the influences of early repair surgery to the development of the whole dento-craniofacial-cervicum region. Methods 37 adult cleft lip and palate（CLP） patients were chosen and divided into 3 groups according to the operative time and method. The cephalogram were analyzed with Delaire′s architectural analysis software, and the results were compared with the database of normal occlusion population, as well as between the groups. Results 1）There were 3 measurements（MP-F7, L1-MP, ANS-F5） in group A statistically different with control, and 8（Cp-Oi/M-Oi, Pts-M/M-Oi, C1-C4, Me-Met（v）, U1-C1, U1-L1, L1-MP, Go-Cp-Got） in group B, 4 （Cp-Oi/M-Oi, U1-L1, L1-MP, Go-Cp-Got） in group C（P<0.05）. 2）There were 2 measurements（C1-C4, U1-C1） statistically different between group A and B, 2（Pts-Cp/M-Oi、ANS-F5） between group B and C（P<0.05）. There was no statistically different between group A and C（P>0.05）. Conclusion 1）CLP patient shows maxilla hypodevelopment despite whether early surgery conducted or not, and the mandible more or less show a trend of clockwise rotation and a hyperdivergent profile compared. 2）The disease itself can cause deformity of jaw bones, and early repair surgery also has influences to the development of the craniofacial area.

Objective To compare the temporomandibular joint space and condylar position on transcranial projections between the patients with anterior disc displacement（ADD） and the healthy controls. To investigate the diagnostic value of the condylar position for the ADD patients. Methods 120 joints of 120 ADD patients and 30 joints of healthy adults, who were taken transcranial projections , were included in this study. The transcranial projections were scanned with precise scanning apparatus and saved as joint photographic group image. The joint spaces were measured with the software of Auto CAD. Two different quantitative methods of joint space measurement, ZHANG Zhen -kang′ s method and Kamelchuk′ s method, were used based on the transcranial projections . The ln（P/A） values were calculated（P：width of the posterior joint space; A: width of the anterior joint space）. Concentric position of the condyle was defined if ln（P/A） value was between -0.25 and +0.25. If ln（P/A） was larger than +0.25, the condylar position was defined as anteriorly eccentric. Posteriorly eccentric position was indicated when ln（P/A） value was lower than -0.25. The results were compared and software SPSS 12.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results The results of the two linear measurement methods demonstrated that the superior and posterior joint spaces of the ADD patients were narrower than those of the healthy controls significantly（P <0.05）, while the anterior joint spaces of the ADD patients had no significant differences with those of the controls（P>0.05）. In addition, there were significant differences in ln（P/A） values of joint spaces between the patients with ADD patients and the controls （P<0.05）. Conclusion Posterior position of the condyle could be a sign of existence of ADD, but ADD could not be diagnosed only by the posterior condyle position showed on the transcranial projections because of the variation of the condylar position.

Objective To explore the feasibility of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT） colorimetric method and the applied condition for the normal bacteria in the mouth, as Streptococcus mutans（S.mutans）, Streptococcus sanguis（S. sanguis）, Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans（H.actinomycetemcomitans）. Methods Colony forming units（CFU） which was the standard antitheses was used to count bacteria. This study would gain some parameters by changing wavelength, reactive time, dosage and so on. MTT colorimetric method was applied in the counting of S.mutans, S. sanguis and H.actinomycetemcomitans. Results When counting S.mutans, the best wavelength was 510 nm, the best range was 1.5×105～1.0×107 CFU·mL-1. When counting S.sanguis, the best wavelength was 545 nm, the best range was 1.5×105～2.0 ×107 CFU·mL -1. When counting H.actinomycetemcomitans, the best wavelength was 557 nm, the best range was 1.0×106～5.0×107 CFU·mL-1. MTT colorimetric method can be used for different aged S.mutans, S.sanguis and H.actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion Oral bacteria could be counted by MTT colorimetric method, which is fast and convenient.

Objective Metabonomic analysis has been increasingly used to monitor metabolic abnormalities in cells and their micro-environment in order to detect the biomarkers recently. This study evaluated the feasibility of applying 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance（1H-NMR） based metabonomic method to detect the differences of the early development of cleft palate in the plasma from control group and experimental group. Methods Pregnant mice（inbred C57BL/6J strain） with vitamin B12 injected only were assigned as the control group, pregnant mice with excessive Dex, injected after vitamin B12 as the experimental group, each group includes 12 mice. And the effect of B12 to rate of cleft palate was observed. The technology of nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） was used to detect the endogenous small molecule metabolites. Finally, changes of metabolites ingredients were ascertained by using the method of principal component analysis（PCA）. Results There was significant difference in PCA scores plot between the two groups according to whether cleft palate occured. Conclusion The 1H-NMR based metabonomic approach might be used as a feasible and efficient method for a deep exploration of the pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate and an early exploration of the mechanism of vitamin B12.

Objective To observe the biocompatibility of new biomaterials porous calcium phosphate（CPC） and ectopic bone formation of CPC with bone marrow stromal cells（BMSCs）. Methods The BMSCs were cultured from Beagle dog and combined with the porous CPC with the best concentration after transfect green fluorescent protein （GFP）. The adhesion and growth of BMSCs on CPC were observed under inversion, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The ectopic bone formation were observed at the 8th week after CPC and BMSCs were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Results When BMSCs with CPC were cultured at the 1st day, cells were climbing out from CPC with normal morphology. At the 7th day cells can be seen protruding pseudopods, secretion of matrix. Bone formation could be seen histomorphologically at the 8th week. Conclusion Porous CPC has good biocompatibility and is an ideal scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.

Objective To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C（VEGF-C） in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC） and its relation to angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, as well as lymph node metastasis. Methods Sixty-seven archival specimens from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma were investigated, whose clinicopathologic data were completely conserved. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of VEGF-C, microvessel density（MVD）, lymphatic vessel density（LVD）. The correlations between VEGF-C expression and MVD, LVD, as well as other clinicopathological features were measured. Results Although no correlation between VEGF-C expression and tumor location, histological grade, or gender of the patients was observed（P>0.05）, OSCC patients with more advanced clinical stages and lymph node metastasis were prone to have high expression of VEGF-C（P=0.015 and P<0.001, respectively）. Cases with high-expression of VEGF-C also showed significantly more often higher LVD（P=0.001） but not MVD（P=0.125）. In addition, cases with lymph node involvement presented higher LVD than other cases（P=0.026）. Conclusion VEGF-C may promote lymph node metastasis by inducing lymphangiogenesis in OSCC.

Objective To evaluate the effect of the osteoprotegerin（OPG） gene-modified autologous bone marrow stromal cells（BMSCs） on regeneration of periodontal defects, and to provide new experimental evidence to explore the gene therapy for periodontal disease.   Methods pSecTag2/B-opg was transduced into BMSCs by lipofectamine 2000. The expression of OPG protein in the BMSCs was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were used to observe the morphology and proliferation of the  MSCsOPG on the surface of the poly lactic-co-glycolic（PLGA）. Horizontal alveolar bone defect（4 mm×4 mm× 3 mm） were surgically created in the buccal aspect of the mandibular premolar, and were randomly assigned to receive BMSCsOPG -PLGA（cells/material/OPG）, BMSCs -PLGA（cells/material）, PLGA（material）, or root planning only （blank control）. The animals were euthanized at 6 weeks post surgery for histological analysis. The height of new alveolar bone and cementum and the formation of new connective tissue were analyzed and compared. All data were statistically analyzed using the q test. Results The BMSCs transfected by human OPG gene can highly express OPG protein. SEM observations demonstrated that BMSCsOPG were able to proliferate and massively colonize on the scaffolds structure. After 6 weeks, the height of new alveolar bone and cementum and the formation of new connective tissue were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control groups P< 0.05）. Conclusion BMSCsOPG-PLGA can significantly promote the regeneration of dog′ s periodontal bone defects. Gene therapy utilizing OPG may offer the potential for periodontal tissue engineering applications.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Drynaria fortunei naringin on the total protein content and ultra- structure of human periodontal ligament cells（hPDLCs）. Methods Through enzyme digestion combined tissueculture method, primarily culture and identify the human periodontal ligament cells. Coomassie brilliant blue staining was used to detect the total protein content of hPDLCs with the effects of difference concentration of Drynaria fortunei naringin at difference times. Transmission electron microscope was used to study the ultra-structure of hPDLCs with the effects of Drynaria fortunei naringin. Results In vitro, the addition of Drynaria fortunei naringin at dose of 100, 10, 1, 0.1 mg·L-1 in cultures resulted in an increase of total protein content at the 3rd, 5th, 7th day, but the maximum response was obtained with 1 mg·L-1 Drynaria fortunei naringin. There were more rough endoplasmic reticulums, mitochodrias and ribosomes in the experimental group than in the control. Conclusion Drynaria fortunei naringin may stimulate the protein synthesis and metabolism of hPDLCs.

Objective This article tests a recombinant plasmid pEGFP -iNOS encoding human inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） transient expression in rabbit periodontal ligament cells, and this may contribute to transfer iNOS gene to animal periodontal tissue in vivo. Methods Rabbit periodontal ligament cells were transfected with pEGFP -iNOS by means of lipofectamine media methods. Transient transfection were evaluated by fluorescent microscope. After transferring 12 h and 48 h, the transcription of iNOS gene was tested by quantitative real-time PCR and the expression product of pEGFP-iNOS was identified by Western blot. Blank plasmid-transfected group and non-transfected group were used as control. Results The expression of green fluorescence protein was detected in 12 h after transferring. The transcription of iNOS mRNA and expression of iNOS protein in cells transfected with pEGFP -iNOS were detected by real -time PCR and Western blot. Conclusion The iNOS gene was transfected successfully, the exogenetic iNOS mRNA can be correctly transcribed and expressed in rabbit periodontal ligament cells. In vivo gene transfer of iNOS to rabbit periodontal tissue is feasible.

Supernumerary tooth is a frequent phenomenon in clinic, but the simultaneous occurrence of many supernumerary teeth and protuberance of jaw bones is rare. A case of 5 supernumerary teeth in oral and multiple protuberances of jaw bones was reported and the relevant literatures were reviewed.

Cancrum oris is a kind of gangrenous disease happening on the maxillofacial region. It is characterized by developing rapidly, high lethality and deforming rate. This article reported a case of maxillofacial deformity caused by cancrum oris, and discussed based on relevant literatures.