Diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia in newborns and infants

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2020.04.016

Abstract

Abstract:

Ankyloglossia is a congenital condition characterized by a short lingual frenulum, which may result in the restriction of tongue movement and function. Considerable controversy regarding the diagnosis, clinical significance, and management of the condition remains, and great variations in practice have been recorded. Indeed, attitudes toward ankyloglossia differ among professional groups, and opinions may vary remarkably even among those within the same specialty. This article reviews the embryology, genetics, diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of ankyloglossia to help physicians better understand and treat the condition.

Key words: ankyloglossia, diagnosis and classification, breastfeeding, frenotomy

CLC Number:

R782

Ji Yuezhi, Ruan Wenhua. Diagnosis and treatment of ankyloglossia in newborns and infants[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2020, 38(4): 443-448.

Figures/Tables 3

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References 41

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常用的分类系统	解剖分类标准	功能性舌系带过短的分类
Coryllos 分类（美国儿科学会母乳	1型：系带附着在舌尖上,通常在牙槽嵴前	包含3型和4型并伴随功能损害
喂养分会,2004）	2型：附着在舌尖后2~4 mm,位于或刚好位于牙槽嵴后方
	3型：附着在舌腹中部和口底的中部
	4型：附着靠近舌根部
Kotlow 分类（1999）	正常的自由舌体长度：系带附着点到舌尖的距离>16 mm	包含正常和Ⅰ型并伴随功能损害
	Ⅰ（轻度）：12~16 mm
	Ⅱ（中度）：8~11 mm
	Ⅲ（重度）：3~7 mm
	Ⅳ（完全）：<3 mm
Kotlow 分类（修改版,2011）	Ⅰ：附着距舌尖0~3 mm	包含Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型并伴随功能损害
	Ⅱ：附着距舌尖4~6 mm
	Ⅲ：附着距舌尖7~9 mm
	Ⅳ：附着距舌尖10~12 mm

BTAT评分系统	得分
BTAT评分系统	0	1	2
舌尖的形状	心形	轻微的裂开或缺口	圆形
口底黏膜侧的附着	牙龈嵴顶	牙龈嵴顶舌侧	口底黏膜
舌的上抬（大张嘴时）	完全不能上抬	舌边缘上抬至口腔中部	舌体上抬至口腔中部
舌的前伸	舌尖不能伸出下牙龈	舌尖伸出超过下牙龈	舌尖伸出下唇