Relationship of orthodontic treatment and periodontal hard tissue health

doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.04.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Periodontal tissue, especially the alveolar bone, are closely associated with the progress and efficacy of orthodontic treatment. Prior to and during orthodontic treatment, dentists should fully evaluate the status of periodontal hard tissues to prevent clinical problems. This article aims to discuss bone issues associated with orthodontic treatment, including gingival papilla absence, alveolar bone insufficiency, excessive cortical resistance, and altered passive eruption, etc. The mechanism and prevention methods of these problems are also described.

Key words: gingival papilla absence, open gingival embrasure, alveolar bone insufficiency, periodontally accerlerated osteogenic othodontics, altered passive eruption, esthetic crown lengthening

CLC Number:

R781.4

Shu Meng,Yilan Lin,Lei Zhao,Yi Xu. Relationship of orthodontic treatment and periodontal hard tissue health[J]. West China Journal of Stomatology, 2019, 37(4): 343-349.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

References 38

[1]	Kurth JR, Kokich VG . Open gingival embrasures after orthodontic treatment in adults: prevalence and etiology[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2001,120(2):116-123.
[2]	Uribe F, Holliday B, Nanda R . Incidence of open gingival embrasures after mandibular incisor extractions: a clinical photographic evaluation[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2011,139(1):49-54.
[3]	Sharma AA, Park JH . Esthetic considerations in interdental papilla: remediation and regeneration[J]. J Esthet Restor Dent, 2010,22(1):18-28.
[4]	Tarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P . The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal dental papilla[J]. J Periodontol, 1992,63(12):995-996.
[5]	Wu YJ, Tu YK, Huang SM , et al. The influence of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence of the interproximal dental papilla[J]. Chang Gung Med J, 2003,26(11):822-828.
[6]	Cho HS, Jang HS, Kim DK , et al. The effects of interproximal distance between roots on the existence of interdental papillae according to the distance from the contact point to the alveolar crest[J]. J Periodontol, 2006,77(10):1651-1657.
[7]	Kolte AP, Kolte RA, Mishra PR . Dimensional influence of interproximal areas on existence of interdental papillae[J]. J Periodontol, 2014,85(6):795-801.
[8]	Tanwar N, Narula SC, Sharma RK , et al. Papillary height and its relation with interproximal distances and cementoenamel junction in subjects with chronic periodontitis. A cross-sectional study[J]. J Clin Diagn Res, 2016, 10(4):ZC53-ZC56.
[9]	Kois JC . Predictable single tooth peri-implant esthetics: five diagnostic keys[J]. Compend Contin Educ Dent, 2001, 22(3):199-206.
[10]	Zachrisson BU, Alnaes L . Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals. Ⅱ. Alveolar bone loss: radiographic findings[J]. Angle Orthod, 1974,44(1):48-55.
[11]	Nelson PA, Artun J . Alveolar bone loss of maxillary anterior teeth in adult orthodontic patients[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 1997,111(3):328-334.
[12]	Nordland WP, Tarnow DP . A classification system for loss of papillary height[J]. J Periodontol, 1998,69(10):1124-1126.
[13]	Montevecchi M, Checchi V, Piana L , et al. Variables affecting the gingival embrasure space in aesthetically important regions: differences between central and lateral papillae[J]. Open Dent J, 2011,5:126-135.
[14]	Burke S, Burch JG, Tetz JA . Incidence and size of pretreatment overlap and posttreatment gingival embrasure space between maxillary central incisors[J]. Am J Orthodont Dentofacial Orthop, 1994,105(5):506-511.
[15]	Tanaka OM, Furquim BD, Pascotto RC , et al. The dilemma of the open gingival embrasure between maxillary central incisors[J]. J Contemp Dent Pract, 2008,9(6):92-98.
[16]	Zetu L, Wang HL . Management of inter-dental/inter-implant papilla[J]. J Clin Periodontol, 2005,32(7):831-839.
[17]	Pi S, Choi YJ, Hwang S , et al. Local injection of hyaluronic acid filler improves open gingival embrasure: validation through a rat model[J]. J Periodontol, 2017,88(11):1221-1230.
[18]	Spray JR, Black CG, Morris HF , et al. The influence of bone thickness on facial marginal bone response: stage 1 placement through stage 2 uncovering[J]. Ann Periodontol, 2000,5(1):119-128.
[19]	Park JH, Hong JY, Ahn HW , et al. Correlation between periodontal soft tissue and hard tissue surrounding incisors in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients[J]. Angle Orthod, 2018,88(1):91-99.
[20]	Frost NA, Mealey BL, Jones AA , et al. Periodontal biotype: gingival thickness as it relates to probe visibility and buccal plate thickness[J]. J Periodontol, 2015,86(10):1141-1149.
[21]	Younes F, Eghbali A, Raes M , et al. Relationship between buccal bone and gingival thickness revisited using non-invasive registration methods[J]. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2016,27(5):523-528.
[22]	Evangelista K, Vasconcelos KDF, Bumann A , et al. Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with ClassⅠand Class Ⅱ Division 1 malocclusion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2010, 138(2):133.e1-133.e7.
[23]	Yagci A, Veli İ, Uysal T , et al. Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography[J]. Angle Orthod, 2012,82(1):67-74.
[24]	Richman C . Is gingival recession a consequence of an orthodontic tooth size and/or tooth position discrepancy? “A paradigm shift”[J]. Compend Contin Educ Dent, 2011,32(4):e73-e79.
[25]	赵蕾, 王晓宇, 徐屹 , 等. 正畸治疗与牙周软组织健康的关系及处理[J]. 华西口腔医学杂志, 2018,36(6):595-601.
	Zhao L, Wang XY, Xu Y , et al. Relationship of orthodontic treatment and periodontal soft tissue health[J]. West China J Stomatol, 2018,36(6):595-601.
[26]	Antoun JS, Mei L, Gibbs K , et al. Effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal tissues[J]. Periodontol 2000, 2017,74(1):140-157.
[27]	Chugh T, Jain AK, Jaiswal RK , et al. Bone density and its importance in orthodontics[J]. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2013,3(2):92-97.
[28]	Köle H . Surgical operations on the alveolar ridge to correct occlusal abnormalities[J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1959,12(5):515-529.
[29]	Wilcko WM, Wilcko T, Bouquot JE , et al. Rapid orthodontics with alveolar reshaping: two case reports of decrowding[J]. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 2001,21(1):9-19.
[30]	Frost HM . The regional acceleratory phenomenon: a review[J]. Henry Ford Hosp Med J, 1983,31(1):3-9.
[31]	Schilling T, Müller M, Minne HW , et al. Influence of inflammation-mediated osteopenia on the regional acceleratory phenomenon and the systemic acceleratory phenomenon during healing of a bone defect in the rat[J]. Calcif Tissue Int, 1998,63(2):160-166.
[32]	Murphy KG, Wilcko MT, Wilcko WM , et al. Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics: a description of the surgical technique[J]. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2009,67(10):2160-2166.
[33]	Gil APS, Haas OL Jr, Méndez-Manjón I , et al. Alveolar corticotomies for accelerated orthodontics: a systematic review[J]. J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 2018,46(3):438-445.
[34]	Bahammam MA . Effectiveness of bovine-derived xenograft versus bioactive glass with periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics in adults: a randomized, controlled clinical trial[J]. BMC Oral Health, 2016,16(1):126.
[35]	Ahn HW, Lee DY, Park YG , et al. Accelerated decompensation of mandibular incisors in surgical skeletal class Ⅲ patients by using augmented corticotomy: a preliminary study[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2012,142(2):199-206.
[36]	Ainamo J, Löe H . Anatomical characteristics of gingiva. A clinical and microscopic study of the free and attached gingiva[J]. J Periodontol, 1966,37(1):5-13.
[37]	Coslet JG, Vanarsdall R, Weisgold A . Diagnosis and classification of delayed passive eruption of the dentogingival junction in the adult[J]. Alpha Omegan, 1977,70(3):24-28.
[38]	Nart J, Carrió N, Valles C , et al. Prevalence of altered passive eruption in orthodontically treated and untreated patients[J]. J Periodontol, 2014,85(11):e348-e353.