Objective To study the expression and interaction of core binding factor a（1 Cbfa1）, bone morphogenetic protein（s BMPs）and osteopont（in OPN）in the developing periodontal tissues of mice. Methods A mice developing periodontal tissues study model was created histologically by 5- 27 day postnatal BALB/c mice, then the immunohistochemical localization of Cbfa1, BMPs and OPN in different developing stages were undertaken. Results In early stage of postnatal mice periodontal tissues development, only BMPs expressed in dental follicle cells, though the signal was weak. When root was forming, all of them were expressed in periodontal ligament cells and cementoblasts, while only OPN in acellular cementum, cellular cementum and the surface of alveolar bone, Cbfa1 only in cellular cementum and BMPs was seen in neither acellular cementum nor cellular cementum. Conclusion Cbfa1,BMPs and OPN all involve in the development of periodontal tissues, while OPN is crucial for cementum.

Objective To compare the effect of Sodium Morrhuate on ECV- 304 between its lipo- and normal preparation. Methods The ECV- 304 cell line was supplemented with Sodium Morrhuate and lipo- Sodium Morrhuate in order, and the result on morpholog（y microscope, Giemsa Staining and electron microscope）, cell activi（ty MTT）, and flow cytometer between the two preparation were compared. Results In normal preparation group, cell′s edema occurred. Chromatin was like catkins. Tumefaction and degeneration of mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum appeared. In lipo- Sodium Morrhuate group, the membrane was creased and processus appeared. Chromatin aggregates to the membrane of nucleus was like crescent, and then broken. The apoptotic body was formed. MTT changes showed that the curve of the normal preparation group was steep and the change time was short relatively, which cues the vital cells decreased sharply. The curve of lipo- Sodium Morrhuate group was gentle and the change time was long relatively, which cues the vital cells decreased slowly. The flow cytometer showed that typical apoptosis peak appeared. Conclusion The normal preparation group shows an acute toxic effect on ECV- 304 cell line, which result in a necrosis course, while lipo- Sodium Morrhuate shows a gradual releasing process, which may indicate a apoptosis course.

Objective To investigate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcripa（se hTERT）, cyclin D1 mRNA, p16INK4, p21WAF1mRNA and p27KIP1 protein in human ameloblastom（a ABs）. Methods The expression of hTERT, cyclin D1, p16INK4, p21WAF1 mRNA and p27KIP1 protein in 54 cases of human ABs were detected by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. Results The positive cases of hTERTmRNA, cyclin D1 mRNA was 51, 23, respectively. The positive cases of p16INK4, p21WAF1 mRNA and p27KIP1 protein was 17, 12, 9. Comparing with recurred and transformed malignantly, the expression of hTERT mRNA, cyclin D1 mRNA increased, and the expression of p16INK4, p21WAF1 mRNA and p27KIP1 protein decreased or lost. The expression of hTERT mRNA and p16INK4, p21WAF1 mRNA and p27KIP1 protein in ABs had middle to high negative relatio（n rk=- 0.587, rk=- 0.652, rk=- 0.783, P<0.001）. Conclusion The hTERTmRNA expression in ABs is related to the reguation of p16INK4, p21WAF1 mRNA and p27KIP1 protein.

Objective To measure the microstructure of laser- welded cast pure titanium by different gap distance. Methods Forty specimens were sectioned and welded at four gap（s 0.00 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.50 mm and 1.00 mm）. Took microhardness test and metallographic examination of welded zone surface. Results There were no difference in microhardness value and metallographic observation between welded specimens. The width of heat - effected zone was different. The smaller grains and needle- like αmartensitic structure were found in the heat- affected zone. Conclusion The effects of the joint gap were not significant.

Objective To compare the difference of stress distribution among models with different fiber frameworks. Methods Four models were generated in Marc 2003 software. Four types of loads simulating normal mastication were selected. The stress within models was calculated, and output by means of graph and data. Results There was stress concentration around connectors and retainers near connectors under cusp- fossa load, occlusal even load, and lateral load. When dentures were reinforced with fiber framework, area of stress concentration and principal stress max could decrease in comparison with pure composite resin bonded fixed partial denture. Under buccal- lingual load, there was another stress concentration around central fossa beside above two stress concentration areas. Only modified fiber framework constructed with both mesial- distal and lingual- buccal directional glass fiber could markedly reduce principal stress under buccal- lingual cusp loads. Conclusion Under 4 types of loads simulating normal mastication, three critical regions were disclosed at the area of retainers adjacent connectors, connectors and occlusal central fossa and fissures. Only modified fiber framework constructed with both mesial- distal and lingual - buccal directional glass fiber could markedly reduce stress concentration under buccal- lingual cusp loads.

Objective To study the effect existed in the course of adopting different thickness and chromatics of various opaques so that a good methods can be provided for clinical care in prosthodontics. Methods A model of using the thin plastic paper to control the ceramic thickness was applied in this test. The data of chromaticity was measured by TC- PⅡG auto color difference meter and its results was processed by computer. Results The value of brightness had an uptrend increase with augment of opaques thickness. Metal base color was opaqued and the basic hue was set. A lower and unstable value, besides a relative stable Y, was measured with the uncompleted opaquing. A stability of hue had been gradually concentrated within a certain range accompanying with the increase of  opaquing ceramic thickness. A concentrated hue in the second thickness was found in CARAT ceramic which had high ability of opaque and had a stable hue of ceramic in comparison with other opaques. Among those changes, CARAT′s brightness showed a minimal change; a gradual stability of chromatics was presented and was limited within a certain range though the augment of opaques. Conclusion The metal color in base could be completely opaqued while opaques thickness reaches a certain range. CARAT is the materials of minimal thickness and has relatively strong capacity for opaques.

Objective To determine the optimal thread pitch for an experimental cylinder implant in Ansys Workbench
Design Xplorer environment. Methods Finite element models of segment jaw bone with a V- shaped thread
implant were created. The thread pitc（h P）was set from 0.5 mm to 1.6 mm. The maximum Equivalent stresse（s EQV
stresses） in jaw bone and in implant were evaluated. Results Under axial load, the amplification of maximum EQV
stresses in cortical bone, cancellous bone and implant were 7.1%, 123.4% and 28.7% respectively. Under buccolingual
load, the amplification of maximum EQV stresses in cortical bone, cancellous bone and implant were 2.8%,
28.8% and 14.9% respectively. When P exceeded 0.8 mm, the response curve curvature of maximum EQV stresses in
jaw bone and in implant to P was ranged from - 1 to 1. Conclusion Stresses in cancellous bone are more sensitive
to thread pitch than in cortical bone. Stresses in jaw bone under axial load are easier affected by thread pitch than
under bucco- lingual load. Thread pitch plays a greater role in protecting dental implant under axial load than under
bucco- lingual load. Thread pitch exceed 0.8 mm should be the optimal design in a cylinder implant, but oversized
pitch should be avoided too.

Objective  To measure the spectral transmittance of Cerinate porcelain veneer and enamel in different color and different thickness. Methods  Samples of Cerinate porcelain veneers were prepared in different thickness（0.50 mm、0.75 mm、1.00 mm） and different Vita shade（A1、A2、A3）. Enamel samples in shade A2 were made with three thickness（0.50 mm、0.75 mm、1.00 mm）. A spectrophotometer with spectra range（380-800 nm） was employed to measure the spectral transmittance. Results  Spectral transmittance decreased with the increasing in the thickness of specimens and decreasing in the color darkness. The transmittance of Cerinate porcelain veneer material and enamel in the same color and same thickness hadn′t significant difference. Conclusion  The key factor to spectral transmittance of porcelain veneer materials is veneer′s thickness, and the color of the materials has also some influence on it. Cerinate porcelain veneers can properly recover the transparency of teeth.

Objective  To measure the magnitude of galvanic currents produced by different occluding metallic contact. Methods  The circuits of instantly different metallic contact were simulated in artificial saliva, and electrical potential of every couple and 15 currents of instant contact were then measured. After 8 hours′ soaking, 15 currents were obtained in addition. Results  Galvanic currents variation produced by intermittently metallic contact was ruleless. During early soaking, gold/titanium, gold/high zinc-containing amalgam and low/high zinc-containing amalgam exhibited much higher current, and there was significant difference on currents between titanium/high zinc-containing amalgam and other couples（P<0.05）. There was also significant difference on currents between titanium/high zinc- containing amalgam, titanium/low zinc-containing amalgam and gold/titanium, gold/low zinc-containing amalgam and gold/high zinc-containing amalgam after 8 hours′ soaking（P<0.05）. In contrast with currents produced by couples before and after 8 hours′ soaking, only the currents produced by gold/high zinc-containing amalgam proved to be no significant of difference（P>0.05）, while the currents produced by gold/low zinc-containing amalgam and titanium/high zinc-containing amalgam increased. Potential of high zinc-containing amalgam was more negative than other alloys, and it was always under anodic behavior during the experiment corrupted acceleratedly. Conclusion  Dentists can′t ignore the case that the patient feels normal at the beginning of wearing different occluding metallic restorations. Either of gold/titatium, gold/high zinc-containing amalgam and low/high zinc-containing amalgam appearing in oral will do harm to the patients′ health. Neither of gold/low zinc-containing amalgam nor itanium/high zinc-containing amalgam can coexist in oral. Zinc-free or low zinc-containing amalgam should be selected instead of high zinc-containing amalgam.

Objective  To study the difference of condylar morphology with different vertical facial types of skele-tal Ⅲ malocclusions in mixed dentition. Methods  Orthopantomograms of 60 children with different vertical facial types were retrospectively investigated by computerized cephalometric analysis. Condylar morphology was compared among different vertical facial type groups. Results  There was statistical difference in upper condylar height among groups, the height increased from high angle group, average angle group to low angle group. There was no significant difference in ramus height in the groups. There was statistical difference in the upper condylar height to the ramus height radio in different vertical facial type groups（P＜0.01）. The ratio increased from high angle group, average angle group to low angle group. There was no significant difference in the condylar height to the condylar neck width ratio in the groups. Conclusion  In children of skeletal Ⅲ malocclusions in mixed dentition with different vertical facial types, there are statistical differences in condylar morphology, which might be due to different growth of mandibular.

Objective  To study the natural progress of different degree chronic periodontitis and its association with IL-1B-511 genetic polymorphisms. Methods  100 subjects with chronic periodontitis were selected and exam-ined at baselined and in the 6 month and in 1 year on attatchment loss at 6 sites of each tooth. DNA samples were obtained with buccal swabbing technique and were further analyzed for IL-1B-511 genotype polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP-based method in all subjects. Results  The mean AL increases were 1.43 mm within 1 year. Among 100 subjects, 16 patients with moderate progression（0 mm＜AL increase/a year≤1.0 mm）, 84 patients with rapid progres- sion of periodontal disease（AL increase/a year＞1.0 mm）. There was no significant difference for the distribution and frequency of IL-1B-511 genotype and alleles between the AL increase/a year＞1.0 mm group and AL increase/a year≤1.0 mm group. The progression of periodontal disease（AL increase/a year＞1.0 mm group） was significantly high-er in the non-severe chronic periodontitis group than in the severe group（P<0.05）. The percentage of molar was higher as far as the rapid-progress sites（AL increase＞2.0 mm both in the 6th and the 12th months examination） were concerned than that of premolar and anterior（P<0.05）. The number of progressed sites in the severe group was higher than the non-severe chronic periodontitis group（P<0.05）. Conclusion  The progress of chronic periodontits varies in-dividually. No specific relationship was found between the progression of chronic periodontitis and IL-1 gene polymorphisms.

Objective  To analyze genotypic diversity of oral Streptococcus mutans（S.mutans） and find out horizon-tal transmission possibility of the microbe in day-nursery children. Methods  The plaque samples were scratched with sterilized toothpicks from teeth of 32 day-nursery children aged between 3 and 4, then cultured on MSB plates. Clones with representative S.mutans-like were subcultured and identified to species level biochemically. AP-PCR fingerprinting was performed to distinguish genotypic diversity of those isolates. Then S.mutans isolated from different children with very similar amplicon profiles were examined by chromosomal DNA fingerprinting analysis. Results  S.mutans were isolated in oral cavities of 78.1% children, 100% in caries and 69.6% in caries-free children. A total of 57 genotypes were identified by AP-PCR. More than one amplitypes were identified in 88% of the 25 children with S.mutans colonization. Two pair of children shared common genotypic S.mutans. Conclusion  There is no evident relation between number of genotype detected and caries. The presence of matching genotypes of
S. mutans among day-nursery children suggests the horizontal transmission may exist.

Objective  To evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of free flap transfer with double vein anastomosis for reconstruction of head and neck defects. Methods  One hundred and sixty-eight cases of free flap transfers with double vein anastomosis for head and neck reconstruction from September 1999 to April 2003 were reviewed. There were 92 males and 76 females. The age range was 11 to 79 years old, with the average of 44.6 years old.  Data concerning the operation included site, stage and histology of tumor, defect description, design of free flap, recipient vessel free flap survival and complications. Results  Among 168 free flaps, there were 126 free fibula flaps, 32 radial forearm flaps, 7 rectus abdominis flaps, one scapular flap, one jejunal flap, and one anterolateral thigh flap. The overall success rate of free flap was 99.4%. One fibula flap was lost because of arterial thrombosis. No venous thrombosis occurred in this group. Conclusion  Free flap transfer with double vein anantomosis for head and neck reconstruction improves the outflow of free flap, reduces the venous thrombosis rate, and ensures a high success rate of free flaps.

Objective  To study the association of TGF-α gene polymorphism and non-syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate in Shandong province． Methods  Polymerase chain reaction combined with restrict enzyme digestion was used to detect the target gene variation in 98 patients with non-syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate and 101 healthy controls． Results  The C2 allele frequency in patients with non-syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate was significantly higher than that in healthy controls． The genotype frequency in patients with positive family history was significantly higher than that without positive family history． Conclusion  TGF-α gene polymorphism is closely associated with non-syndromic cleft lip with cleft palate in Shandong, especially in patients with positive family history.

 Objective Using MBECTM-Assay to assay minimal hiof'ilm eradication concentratio( MBEC) of Galla Chinensis and Nidus Vespae to oral bacterial hiof'ilm. To set up traditional Chinese medicine susceptibility pharmacodynamic empirical study methods of oral bacterial biofilm. Methods  Cariogenic bacteria strains were selec:tecl Streptococcus mutan_s ATCC 25175, Streptococcu_s .sangui.s ATCC 10556. Lactobacillus rhamnosus AC 413. Actinomyces naeslundii WVU 627) in this study. Extraction components of Galla Chinensis were CCE( aqueous extract),  GJCE -B( 30%  alcohol  extract)  and  extraction  components  of Nidus  Vespae  were  NVEI( 95%  alcohol extract). LI)To observe oral bacterial biof'ilm formatiom in MBECTM一Device at diff'erent time.(②MBECTM-HTP-Assay: The minimal inhibitory concentration( MIC) and minimal biofilm eradication concentration( MBEC) of' (GCE. GJCE-B and NVEI to oral bacteria strains were determined. Results Oral bacterial biofilm were readily formed on the lid of MBECm'_Device under selected condition observed by SEM). Oral cariogenic hacteria growing as plankton populations were sensitive to GCE. GCE-B and NVEI. To GCE. GCE-B and NVEl. oral cariogenic bacterial biofilm were 2-16 times less susceptible than growing plankton bacteria. GCE and GCE-B were the most eff'ective medicine against oral cariogenic hacterial biof'ilm. NVEl were effective in killing oral-bacterial biofilm at relatively high concentration. Conclusion  GCE and GCE-B were effective medicine against oral cariogenic bacterial biofilm. MBEC( minimal biof'ilm eradication concentration) can provide a relative accurate medicine concentration f'or clinical test.

Objective To relatively quanti~ the gene expression of fatty acid synthase in squamous cell carcinoma, adjacent tissue，and some normal oral tissues by real-time quantitative PCR．Methods The tissues were collected flesh from surgical specimens．The collected tissues were minced．Then the total RNA was extracted． The RNA was reversely transcripted into cDNA with random prime．And then the cDNA was amplified by real-time quantitative PCR to quantify the gene expression of FAS according to an internal control GAPDH．The diference of FAS gene expression Was compared between squamous cell carcinoma，adjacent tissue，and some normal oral tissues．Results The expression of FAS of squamous cell carcinoma Was notably higher than the other two(P<0．o01)．Conclusion Real-time quantitative PCR provides a method for monitoring the expression of fatty acid synthetic activity in squa- mous cell carcinoma，adjacent and normal tissues．