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Table of Content
01 June 2019, Volume 37 Issue 3
  • Minimal invasive microscopic tooth preparation based on endodontic, periodontal and functional health
    Haiyang Yu,Yuwei Zhao,Junying Li,Tian Luo,Jing Gao,Hongchen Liu,Weicai Liu,Feng Liu,Ke Zhao,Liu Fei,Chufan Ma,Setz JuergenManfred,Shanshan Liang,Lin Fan,Shanshan Gao,Zhuoli Zhu,Jiefei Shen,Jian Wang,Zhimin Zhu,Xuedong Zhou
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  229-235.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.001
    Abstract ( 1423 )   HTML ( 175 )   PDF(pc) (1791KB) ( 1690 )   Save
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    Tooth preparation is the primary and core operation technique for dental esthetic restoration treatment, due to its effect of providing restoration space, bonding interfaces and marginal lines for dental rehabilitation after tooth tissue reduction. The concept of microscopic minimal invasive dentistry put forward the issue of conducting high-quality tooth preparation, conserve tooth-structure, protect vital pulp and periodontal tissue simultaneously. This study reviewed the concepts, physiology background, design and minimal invasive microscopic tooth preparation, and in the meantime, individualized strategies and the two core elements of tooth preparation (quantity and shape) are listed.

    Functional clear aligner treatment of class Ⅱ malocclusion in teenagers
    Li Zhou,Yanmin Wang,Lan Zhang,Jie Yao
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  236-241.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.002
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    Class Ⅱ malocclusion is a common orofacial deformity that could harm the facial esthetics and oral function. Two-stage treatment strategy always applies to functional and skeletal (mild and moderate) class Ⅱ malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism in teenagers. Traditional functional orthopedic appliances are less comfortable and inconvenient to correct the dental arches, making the treatment duration long. With the rapid progress of digital technology and material science, functional clear aligners that offer comfort have emerged. Functional clear aligners can combine orthopedic and orthodontic treatments to correct the jaw relationship and align the dental arch, thereby shortening the treatment duration. This paper emphasizes the treatment key points, and clinical experience of using functional clear aligners.

    Effect of zoladronate on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells
    Jiehang Li,Zhifei Su,Xuan Bai,He Yuan,Jiyao Li
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  242-247.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.003
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    Objective To evaluate the effect of zoledronate acid (ZA) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods The BMSCs isolated from the SD rats were cultured with different con-centrations of ZA (1, 5, 10, and 20 μmol·L -1), and the contro1 group received the same volume of culture medium but without ZA. Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect proliferation activity in each group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were used to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability in each group. The gene expression levels of ALP, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), typeⅠcollagenase (COL-Ⅰ), runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2), zinc finger structure transcription factor (Osx), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Zoledronate at 1 μmol·L -1concentration had no effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. No significant difference was observed between this group and the control group (P>0.05). When the ZA concentration was more than 1 μmol·L -1, ZA inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and the effect was concentration dependent. The difference between each group and the control group was statistically significant (P<0.05). At ZA concentration of 5 μmol·L -1, ZA enhanced the expression of ALP, BMP-2, COL-Ⅰ, Runx-2, Osx, OCN, and OPN (P<0.05). However, at ZA concentration of more than 5 μmol·L -1, the expression levels of osteogenicrelated genes in each group was lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Low ZA concen-tration has no effect on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. ZA at 5 μmol·L -1 concentration inhibits the proliferation but promotes the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. High ZA concentration inhibits the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.

    Spatio-temporal expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and collagen Ⅰ during molar tooth germ development in vps4b knockout mouse
    Dong Chen,Yingying Wang,Xiaocong Li,Fangli Lu,Qiang Li
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  248-252.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.004
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    Objective To verify the effect of the mutant gene vps4b on the expression of tooth development-related proteins, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and collagenⅠ (COL-Ⅰ). Methods Paraffin tissue sections of the first molar tooth germ were obtained from the heads of fetal mice at the embryonic stages of 13.5, 14.5, and 16.5 days and from the mandibles of larvae aged 2.5 and 7 days after birth. The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression and location of DSPP and COL-Ⅰ in wild-type mouse and vps4b knockout mouse. Results DSPP and COL-Ⅰ were not found in the bud and cap stages of wild-type mouse molar germ. In the bell stage, DSPP was positively expressed in the inner enamel epithelium and dental papilla, whereas COL-Ⅰ was strongly expressed in the dental papilla and dental follicle. During the secretory and mineralized periods, DSPP and COL-Ⅰ were intensely observed in ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dental follicles, but COL-Ⅰ was also expressed in the dental papilla. After vps4b gene knockout, DSPP was not expressed in the dental papilla of the bell stage and in the dental papilla and dental follicle of the secretory phase. The expression position of COL-Ⅰ in the bell and mineralization phase was consistent with that in the wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of COL-Ⅰ in the dental papilla changed in the secretory stage. Conclusion Gene vps4b plays a significant role in the development of tooth germ. The expression of DSPP and COL-Ⅰ may be controlled by gene vps4b and regulates the development of tooth dentin and cementum together with vps4b.

    Preparation and evaluation of carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering
    Yunjie Li,Binhong Teng,Yanhong Zhao,Qiang Yang,Lianyong Wang,Ying Huang
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  253-259.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.005
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    Objective This study aimed to optimize the preparation of carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate (CMCS/OSA) compound hydrogels. This study also aimed to investigate the applicability of the hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering. Methods Three groups of CMCS/OSA composite hydrogels with amino-to-aldehyde ratios of 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 were prepared. The microstructure, physical properties, and cell biocompatibility of the three groups of CMCS/OSA composite hydrogels were evaluated. Samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy, rheological test, adhesion tension test, swelling rate test, and cell experiments to identify the CMCS/OSA composite hydrogel with the cross-linking degree that can meet the requirements for scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering. Results The experimental results showed that the CMCS/OSA hydrogel with a amine-to-aldhyde ratio of 1:1 had good porosity, suitable gelling time, strong adhesive force, stable swelling rate, and good cellular biocompatibility. Conclusion The CMCS/OSA compound hydrogel prepared with a 1:1 ratio of amino and aldehyde groups has potential applications in cartilage tissue engineering.

    Rat model with oral submucous fibrosis induced by arecoline and mechanical stimulation
    Bo Yang,Mengfan Fu,Zhangui Tang
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  260-264.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.006
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    Objective The aim of this study was to induce oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rat models by arecoline and mechanical stimulation. Methods Two factors factorial design was used to divide 48 rats into 8 groups (n=6). Different concentrations of arecoline (0, 0.5, 2, and 8 mg·mL -1) and mechanical stimulation (with or without brush) were treated. After 16 weeks of treatment, the mouth opening was measured, the pathological changes of the buccal mucosa were observed, and the expressions of type Ⅲ collagen, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were detected. Results In rats with moderate and high concentrations of arecoline, typical OSF pathological features were observed in the buccal mucosa, the mouth openings were significantly reduced, and the expression levels of type Ⅲ collagen and TGF-β1 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Although mechanical stimulation can increase the three indexes of mucosa (P<0.05), no pathological change and difference in the mouth opening was observed (P>0.05). Conclusion Moderate and high concentrations of arecoline can induce OSF in SD rats, but mechanical stimulation cannot induce OSF.

    Finite element analysis of maxillary anterior teeth retraction of posterior teeth with different alveolar bone absorption heights under orthodontic force
    Zhitao Sun,Yucheng Wang,Yumei Cui,Yang Sun
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  265-269.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.007
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    Objective This study applied the direct orthodontic force system to explore the applicability of the finite element method in the simulation of alveolar bone absorption and analyze periodontal stress distribution and the overall displacement trend. Methods The horizontal balanced alveolar bones of model 2, 3 and 4 were reduced by 2, 4, and 6 mm by deleting elements in reference to the established height of the normal alveolar bone model 1. Then, stress distribution on the posterior set of teeth and initial total tooth displacement under the simulated load of 1.47 N of orthodontic force were investigated. Results The total displacement of posterior teeth increased and parodontium Von Mises stress gradually increased as the alveolar bone height decreased. The total displacement trend and parodontium stress drastically increased when alveolar bone absorption reached the height of 4 mm. Conclusion When treating patients with alveolar bone loss, stress should be avoided or drastically reduced to prevent irreversible damage to periodontal tissue and to improve the quality of medical treatment.

    Evaluation of the color stability of infiltrant resin in comparison to aesthetic composite resins
    Runquan Zhang,Dajun Li,Xiaoyi Zhao
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  270-274.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.008
    Abstract ( 1299 )   HTML ( 58 )   PDF(pc) (1631KB) ( 1135 )   Save
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    Objective To investigate the color stability of infiltrant resin together with three other composites exposed to staining solution. Methods Three types of anterior aesthetic composite resins (Filtek Z250, Filtek Z350 XT, and Beautiful Flow Plus F00) and artificial caries with Icon infiltrant resin were used. The samples were randomly divided into two groups (each contained 10 specimens): coffee solution and distilled water immersion for three weeks. Color parameters were determined with the Crystaleye spectrophotometer. Results Artificial caries lesions infiltrated by Icon showed much higher ΔE than those infiltrated by other aesthetic resins (P<0.05). The discoloration of all the experimental resins and the artificial caries infiltrated with Icon increased with time, but the discoloration on the 1 st week was significantly higher than those on the 2 nd and 3 rd weeks. Conclusion Artificial caries infiltrated with Icon was more vulnerable and susceptive to food color than those infiltrated with other aesthetic composite resins.

    Effects of staurosporine on the contraction of self-assembled constructs of goat temporomandibular joint disc cells
    Shanying Bao,Guangjie Bao,Yuyao Tang,Lin Liu,Hong Kang
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  275-279.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.009
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    Objective The effects of the staurosporine on contraction of self-assembled constructs and extracellular matrix syntheses of goat temporomandibular joint discs were investigated. Methods Goat temporomandibular joint disc cells were isolated and cultured to P3, and 5.5×10 6cells were combined with different concentrations of staurosporine (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 nmol·L -1) in agarose wells and cultured for one week. The samples were frozen and sectioned. Safranin-O, Picro-sirius red and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe the distributions of the extracellular matrix and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Blyscan kits were utilized to quantitatively detect the contents of type Ⅰ collagen (ColⅠ) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Results Each group of goat temporomandibular joint disc cells in the agarose wells were gathered to self-assemble into a disc-shaped base for 4 hours and then to gradually contract into a round shape. The Picro-sirius red staining was strong and indicated collagen distribution. The Safranin-O staining observed GAGs throughout the entire construct. The expression of ColⅠ was strongly positive in the staurosporine groups; however, the expression of α-SMA was weak. ColⅠ and GAGs contents in the staurosporine groups were greater than that of the control group, especially in the 10 nmol·L -1 group (P<0.01). Conclusion Staurosporine has a certain effect on the shrinkage of self-assembled constructs; however, such effect is not prominent. Staurosporine contributes to the construction synthesis of extracellular matrix.

    Prognosis of teeth with external root resorption caused by adjacent impacted teeth
    Ying Lai,Weilin Pan,Chang Liu,Jingyuan Huang,Chengge Hua
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  280-284.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.010
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    Objective This study aimed to investigate the prognosis of permanent teeth with external root resorption (ERR) caused by adjacent impacted teeth. Methods A total of 75 ERR teeth (permanent teeth) caused by adjacent impacted teeth of 63 patients were included. The prognosis of ERR teeth was analyzed followed by minimally invasive extraction of the adjacent impacted teeth. The time of follow-up was six months. The relationship between prognosis of ERR teeth and patients’ age, gender, root number, type of root resorption and degree of root resorption were analyzed. Results In the 75 ERR teeth, 67 teeth (89.3%) did not show pulpitis symptoms. The clinical outcome was found to be related with age (r=0.330, P<0.05), whereas no relationships with gender, root number, as well as type and degree of root resorption were observed (P>0.05). Pulpitis symptom was not found in ERR teeth of patients under 30 years old. Conclusion For ERR teeth caused by adjacent impacted teeth, keeping the pulp vital after surgical removal of impacted teeth is highly probable. Post-operative follow-up instead of preventive root canal therapy of ERR teeth is recommended.

    All-ceramic premolar guiding plate retains resin-bonded fixed partial dentures
    Xin Li,Zhimin Zhu,Ziyan Li,Jinru Zhou,Wenchuan Chen
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  285-289.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.011
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    Objective This study aims to investigate the fracture resistance and short-term restorative effects of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) made from heat-pressed lithium-disilicate-based glass-ceramic (IPS e.max press) and zirconia ceramic (WIELAND) and retained by all-ceramic guiding plates when used to restore missing mandibular second premolars. Methods A total of 64 human mandibular first premolars and first molars were prepared as abutments, then were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8): E0, heat-pressed ceramic RBFPDs, no cyclic loading; E1, heat-pressed ceramic RBFPDs exposed to 300 000 cycles of dynamic loading; W0, zirconia ceramic RBFPDs, no cyclic loading; and W1, zirconia ceramic RBFPDs exposed to 300 000 cycles of dynamic loading. Fracture strength was tested in a universal testing machine. Results The medians of fracture strength were 1 242.85 N±260.11 N (E0), 1 650.85 N±206.77 N (W0), 1 062.60 N±179.98 N (E1), and 1 167.61 N±265.50 N (W1). Statistical analysis showed that all the groups exhibited significantly higher fracture strength compared with the maximum bite force in the premolar region (360 N; P<0.001). The W0 group had significantly higher fracture strength than the E0 group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, no significant difference in fracture strength was observed between the E1 and W1 groups (P>0.05). Significant statistical differences were found between the zirconia ceramic groups (W0 and W1, P<0.05) but not between the glassceramic groups (E0 and E1, P>0.05) after dynamic loading. Conclusion- The RBFPDs retained by all-ceramic guiding plates exhibited promising fracture properties and optimal short-term restorative effects when used to restore missing mandibular second premolars.

    The risk factors and preventive measures of hospital infections on preoperative children with cleft lips and palates
    Lixian Chen,Xiaoxue Zhang,Caixia Gong
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  290-294.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.012
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    Objective To analyze the risk factors of preoperative upper respiratory infections in children with cleft lips and palate (CLP) and investigate preventive measures to reduce infections and improve the quality of treatments. Methods A total of 510 children with CLP of ages 3 years old or younger were selected from hospital cases from June to December 2017. The test group comprised 50 children with upper respiratory infections, whereas the control group comprised 460 children without upper respiratory infections. A t-test and a multivariate logistic analysis were utilized to analyze the risk factors and to investigate the preventive measures. Results Feeding patterns, the presence of infected companions during hospitalization, and ventilation at night were statistically significant. The feeding patterns and the presence of infected companions during hospitalization were independent risk factors for upper respiratory infections in children with CLP. Conclusion Bottle feeding, infected companions during hospitalization, and the absence of window ventilation at night are risk factors for preoperative upper respiratory infections in children 3 years old or younger with CLP. Among the risk factors identified, feeding patterns and the presence of infected companion during hospitalization were the most influential. Medical staff members should strengthen corresponding health education and nursing measures to control the risk factors.

    The study of combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach in the treatment of anterior temporomandibular joint dislocation
    Tingting Ma,Yong Song,Junlin Wang,Yanjie Liu,Yucong Chen,Hujie He,Bohao Wang
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  295-298.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.013
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    Objective To observe the clinical outcomes of a combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach in the treatment of anterior temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation. Methods Postural muscular chains were utilized in the biomechanical analysis of stomatognathic systems for improving TMJ repositioning approaches. A total of 87 patients with anterior TMJ dislocation were included in the present study. A combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach was applied, and the clinical effects were evaluated. Results Biomechanical analysis reveal that reflexive contraction of the maxillary muscle group was blocked sufficiently during the combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction process. All dislocated TMJs were set successfully and efficiently with few complications. Conclusion Combined unilateral intraoral and extraoral reduction approach is an effective, convenient, and minimally invasive way to treat anterior TMJ dislocations.

    Effect analysis of ceramic onlay to repair serious dental defects in young permanent molars
    Yu Chen,Mianxiang Li,Ying Zhang
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  299-303.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.014
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    Objective To analyze the effect of ceramic onlay to repair serious defects in young permanent molars. Methods Sixty patients with defects in young permanent molars were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was restored with ceramic onlay, and the other used resin composite to direct filling. Follow-up visit was conducted at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. Modified USPHS/Ryge criteria were used to evaluate the effect of restoration. The occlusal courses were recorded by the T-Scan Ⅲ system in intercuspal position. Gingival and food impaction were recorded. The effect of the two restorative methods, the recovery of occlusal function, and the gingival and approximal conditions were analyzed. Results At 12 months after restoration, the marginal fitness in the onlay group was significantly better than that in the resin group (P<0.05). At 12 and 24 months after restoration, the surface smoothness in the onlay group was significantly better than that in the resin composite group (P<0.05). At each follow-up visit, the resin group had significantly lower percentage of occlusal force than contralateral molar (P<0.05). The percentage of occlusal force in the onlay group and the contralateral molar showed no statistical difference (P>0.05). The gingival and approximal conditions also demonstrated no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion The ceramic onlay repair method is better than resin composite filling in marginal fitness, surface smoothness, and recovery of the occlusal function when restoring young permanent molars with serious defects.

    Oral microbiological diversity in patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
    Xing Liu,Qifen Yang,Ning Gan,Deqin Yang
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  304-308.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.015
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    Objective The aim of this study was to identify the differences in microbial diversity and community in patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Methods Saliva was collected from 13 patients with SACC confirmed by histopathological diagnosis and 10 healthy control subjects. Total metagenomic DNA was extracted. The DNA amplicons of the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were generated and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Microbial diversity and community structure were analyzed with Mothur software. Results A total of 16 genera of dominant bacteria in the SACC group were found, including Streptococcus (36.68%), Neisseria (8.55%), Prevotella_7 (7.53%), and Veillonella (6.37%), whereas 15 dominant bacteria in the control group were found, including Streptococcus (18.41%), Neisseria (18.20%), Prevotella-7 (8.89%), Porphyromonas (6.20%), Fusobacterium (5.86%) and Veillonella (5.82%). The statistically different phyla between the two groups were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacterium (P<0.05). The statistically different genera between the two groups were Streptococcus, Neisseria andPorphyromonas (P<0.05), and Capnocytophaga was only detected in patients with SACC. Conclusion Significant differences were observed in the oral microorganisms between the two groups.

    Polarity of ameloblasts and odontoblasts and their related regulators
    Yijun Zhou,Guangxing Yan,Cangwei Liu,Xue Zhang,Yue Hu,Xinqing Hao,Huan Zhao,Ce Shi,Hongchen Sun
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  309-313.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.016
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    The polarity of ameloblasts and odontoblasts is crucial for their differentiation and function. Polarity-related molecules play an important role in this process. This review summarizes the process of polarity formation of ameloblasts and odontoblasts and their related regulators.

    Human mycobiome and diseases
    Xin Shen,Yufei Yao,Jiyao Li,Yan Li
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  314-319.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.017
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    The proportion of mycobiome is less than 1% of human microbiome. However, fungal community plays a key role in human health and diseases. With high-throughput sequencing applications, the structure and composition of mycobiome in the mouth, lung, gut, vagina, and skin have been analyzed, and the role of microbiome in diseases has been investigated. Mycobiome also influences the composition of bacteriome and includes key species that maintain the structure and function of microbial communities. Fungi also influence host immune responses. In this review, we summarized the mycobiome composition at various sites and different diseases and the interactions between fungi-bacteria and fungi-host.

    Research progress on the relationship between periodontal disease and common malignancies
    Yu Hao,Xian Peng,Xuedong Zhou,Lei Cheng
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  320-324.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.018
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    Periodontal disease is a common oral disease that can cause irreversible damage of periodontal support tissue. Studies on the relationship between periodontal disease and malignancies have also increased. In this review, the relationship between periodontal disease and gastrointestinal malignancies (e.g., stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer), lung cancer, and breast cancer are discussed. The related mechanisms are summarized in terms of four aspects, namely, immunity, inflammation, gene, and microbiota and its products, to provide novel methods for the prevention and early diagnosis of malignancies.

    Research progress on the modification of guided bone regeneration membranes
    Yubin Cao,Chang Liu,Weilin Pan,Yuan Tu,Chunjie Li,Chengge Hua
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  325-329.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.019
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    Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an important technique to solve bone defect problems. In this technique, GBR barrier membranes play an irreplaceable role. GBR membranes can act as a barrier protecting fibroblasts from bone defects and promote osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, leading to bone regeneration. GBR barrier membranes should be enhanced because of the disadvantages of collagen membranes, which are extensively applied to the field of GBR. Therefore, various efforts have been devoted to modifying the antibacterial and osteogenic properties of GBR barrier membranes and developing novel materials. This article reviews the research advancements on the modification of GBR barrier membranes and discover future directions for the development of GBR barrier membranes to provide a reference for bone tissue engineering and repair.

    Pathogenic genes and clinical therapeutic strategies for Treacher Collins syndrome
    Bin Yin,Bing Shi,Zhonglin Jia
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  330-335.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.020
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    Treacher Collins syndrome is a congenital craniofacial malformation with autosomal dominant inheritance as the main genetic pattern. In this condition, the biosynthesis of ribosomes in neural crest cells and neuroepithelial cells is blocked and the number of neural crest cells that migrate to the craniofacial region decreases, causing first and second branchial arch dysplasia. Definite causative genes include treacle ribosome biogenesis factor 1 (tcof1), RNA polymerase Ⅰ and Ⅲ subunit C (polr1c), and RNA polymerase Ⅰ and Ⅲ subunit D (polr1d). This paper provides a review of research of three major pathogenic genes, pathogenesis, phenotypic research, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.

    Overdenture restoration after mandibular fibular graft combined with dental implant surgery: a case report
    Kai Ma,Yuanyong Feng,Yang Sun,Wei Shang,Jie Liu,Na Bai
    West China Journal of Stomatology. 2019, 37(3):  336-342.  doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.021
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    This paper reports a case of a 28-year-old male patient with mandibular fibular graft. The patient underwent dental implant surgery. The left portion of the patient’s mandible was resected because of ameloblastoma and restored by vascularized fibular grafting. Four implants were implanted in the fibular graft area after 2 years, and the area was restored with a pure titanium casting rod, Locator abutment, and overdenture. This case provides a feasible solution for the restoration of a fibular graft with a dental implant. The characteristics of the restoration method are described. We hope to improve the quality of life of patients with fibular grafts.