Objective  To observe the effect of oral carcinoma-associated fibroblasts（CAFs） on the invasion of a lingual carcinoma cell line, and to elucidate the role of CAFs in oral squamous cell carcinoma（OSCC） progression. Methods  Matrigel was used to remodel the basement memberane, and the interaction model between primary oral CAFs and lingual carcinoma cell line Tca8113 was established by Transwell chamber to observe the effect of CAFs on the invasion of Tca8113. Results  Compared with normal fibroblasts（NFs）, CAFs promoted more Tca8113 cells to penetrate Matrigel（P<0.05）. Conclusion  Oral CAFs can promote the invasion of lingual carcinoma cell line
Tca8113, and play a key role in OSCC progression.

Objective  To study parathyroid hormone-related protein（PTHrP） expression during forward mandibular positioning and compare it with the expression during natural growth in different seasons. Methods  Sixty-four SD rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Each group were randomly divided into four groups according to seasons. Immunohistochemical（IHC） methods were used to test the protein expression of PTHrP. Macro- scopic and microscopic approach were applied to analyze the results. Results  PTHrP expressed in mandibular condylar cartilage（MCC）, the expression was accelerated and enhanced when the mandible was positioned forward. Furthermore, there was a seasonal rhythm in the protein expression of PTHrP in both experimental and control groups. The protein expression in spring group rose more than other groups. Conclusion  The functional appliance therapy can enhance the protein expression of PTHrP. The enhancement has a seasonal rhythm, which indicates that for the functional treatment better results can be achieved in spring.

Objective To construct the plasmid containing short hairpin RNA（shRNA） of TGF-β1 expression vector． Methods Short chain oligonucleotide was designed according to the TGF-β1 mRNA sequence provided by Genebank, then DNA segment was gained through annealing after chemosynthesis, and then was cloned to pWH1 vector. The recombinant TGF-β1 shRNA expression vector was evaluated by using enzyme cutting. At last, the constructed TGF-β1 expression vector was transfected into salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma（Ms） cells by Lipofectomine TM 2000, and its effect on TGF-β1 expression was observed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Successful construction was identified by enzyme cutting and the constructed plasmid was called pWH1-TGF-β1. The shRNA and it inhibited the TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expression effectively. Conclusion The constructed TGF-β1 shRNA expression vector can block the TGF-β1 expression in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells.

Objective  To investigate the biomechanical force distribution of three different cleft maxillary finite-element models pre- and post-bone graft with specified load to certain area of the models. Methods  Developing a cleft palate bony model from a 15-year cleft palate male CT scan DICOM　data and generating alveolar bone-grafted, alveolopalatal bone-grafted cleft maxillary finite-element model was set up through gluing the graft model.  Also the pre-grafted model as compared, vector lip force on the anterior and anteriolateral face of the alveolar ridge was applied, and studied the press distribution properties and localized area. Results  The press principal spread along the alveolar ridge and focused on anterior wall of maxillary prior to graft. But the press tended to be evenly distributed after bone grafted, whether alveolar or/and hard palate bone grafted. The grafted bone could resisted the medially deformation of alveolar crest and decreased the shear press to the nasal base bony structure. The map showed no significant differences along with alveolar or/and hard palate bone graft. Conclusion  The postoperative lip pressure plays an important role for the deformation and deviation of alveolar ridge. Alveolar bone graft could even the distribution of the stresses and should be emphasized. But the grafted bony palatal appears superior to but no significant mapping and anti-deformation difference with alveolar bone graft.

Objective  To reveal functional activity mapping during anticipation of dental pain with non-invasive fMRI technique, and to offer therapeutic possibilities for treating chronic oral facial pain psychologically. Methods  8 right handed patients with dentinalgia of the right maxillary bicuspid were included in this study. Block design was adopted, BOLD level during anticipation epoch（on） was contrasted with that of rest（off）. Functional MRI scan covering the whole brain was carried out. The fMRI data were analyzed by SPM2 software with t-test to generate the activation map. Results  Increased BOLD signals during dental pain anticipation were found dominantly on the left side in inferior, middle frontal gyrus/BA10,46, postcentral gyrus/BA2,3, middle frontal gyrus/BA8, precentral gyrus/BA44 and cerebellum. Conclusion  Anticipation of dental pain by itself can activate brain regions, especially prefrontal areas, SI, SMA and cerebellum. The results of pain anticipation are consisted with previous studies except that there is no activation in insula and cingulate cortex. Sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional activation in dental pain anticipation may indicate that brain nociceptive network can be affected by hint.

Objective  This report is to introduce the processing method of the separate movable partial denture and get an initial clinical evaluation. Methods  The separate movable partial denture was developed as a kind of special design in utilizing double base plate to separately get support for bearing stress and get the stability of retention. Results  The clinical application indicated that the separate movable partial denture has effective function of common movable partial denture as well as has a good function of natural human teeth protection, especially for those patients withⅠ-Ⅱtooth loose. Conclusion  The separate movable partial denture is the ideal choice of treatment for those patients who are suffering Ⅰ-Ⅱ teeth loose. This type of movable partial denture was considered effectively protect natural human teeth and extend the lifetime of natural tooth long term and further observation in clinical care on this type of denture is needed.

Objective  To investigate the frequency of micrometastasis in levels Ⅲ-Ⅳof clinical negative neck（cN0） in patients with squamous cell carcinoma（SCC） of oral tongue, and to discuss the management of cervical lymph node for cN0 tongue SCC. Methods  A total of 471 cervical lymph nodes derived from 25 patients with cN0 tongue SCC, including 263 lymph nodes in level Ⅲ and 208 lymph nodes in level Ⅳ, were included in this study. All lymph nodes were re-examined by anti-cytokeratin （CK） immunohistochemical staining combined with semi-serial section per 500 μm. Results  Among the 25 cases, seven patients were confirmed harboring metastasis in 11 lymph nodes of level Ⅲ, and no positive lymph node in level Ⅳ was detected by routine hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining. 11 positive lymph nodes in level Ⅲ, which confirmed by HE staining, were also detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK combined with semiserial section. Among the 460 cervical lymph nodes in which HE staining did not show metastasis, only one lymph node in level Ⅲharboring a 2.0 mm×1.5 mm micrometastasis was detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK, and no positive lymph node in level Ⅳ was detected by immunohistochemical staining with CK. Conclusion  The frequency of occult metastasis in level Ⅳ was very low, so it seemed unnecessary to dissect level Ⅳ for all patients with cN0 tongue SCC.

Objective To evaluate the sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic oral Candida spp. isolated from head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy to antifungal agents. To screen antifugal agents from Chinese traditional and herbal drugs by NCCLS M27-A2 method. Methods Using YBC Test Kit to identify 20 clinical oral Candida isolated from head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The in vitro susceptibilities of 20 oral Candida spp. to 5-flucytosine（5-FC）, itraconazole（ITR）, flu- conazole（FLU）, the extracts of 6 Chinese traditional and herbal drugs（caltrop, honeysuckle flower, dandelion, green tea, pine bark, red trefoil） and utility componets of 7 Chinese traditional and herbal drugs（sophorcarpidine, aloperine, archin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycosides of white peony root, glycosides of baikal skullcap root, hydrochloric berberine）were determined by NCCLS M27-A2 method. Results The proportion of no-C.albicans in all Candida spp. were 25％. All strains were sensitive to 5-flucytosine, 25% stains were resistant to fluconazole and 40% stains were resistant to itraconazole. In all agents from Chinese traditional and herbal drugs, glycosides of white peony root and hydrochloric berberine（C20H18CINO4） exhibited antifungal activity, especially to C. glabrates. Conclusion The proportion of no-C.albicans in all oral Candida spp. isolated from head and neck cancer patients treated with radiotherapy or chemotherapy was pretty high. NCCLS M27-A2 micro-dilution method is a reliable and reproducible method and can be used to screen antifugal agents from Chinese traditional and herbal drugs.

Objective  To investigate the difference between straight wire appliance and edgewise appliance treat-ment outcome. Methods  80 cases finished with two-arch straight wire or edgewise appliance between 1994 and 2001 were selected. The PAR index on pre- and post-treatment dental casts and PAR score was recorded respec-tively. According to the same pre-treatment PAR score and extraction pattern, the samples were divided into two groups, straight wire group and edgewise group, and each group had 40 cases. The data were analyzed statistically. Results  Estimated with the post-treatment PAR score of posterior teeth alignment, the treatment with straight wire appliance was lower than that with edgewise appliance（P<0.01）. There was no statistical difference in other recorded PAR score between two groups. For the mean treatment duration, straight wire appliance（3.95 months） was shorter
than edgewise appliance. Conclusion  As for the posterior teeth alignment, the straight wire appliance was more accurate, and the straight wire appliance was more efficient than edgewise appliance.

Objective  To study the characteristics of soft-tissue integument and the differences between soft-tissue and hard-tissue topography in malocclusions. Methods  144 female patients, 12-15 years old, were selected. They were divided into class I, class II and class III groups according to the value of ∠ANB which was measured on the pre-treatment cephalographs. Each group had 48 patients. Each patient had same type of skeletal pattern and occlusal pattern, full set of permanent teeth and none of cranofacial soft-tissue and hard-tissue diseases. 4 pairs of measurements describing soft-tissue and hard-tissue sagittal facial pattern and the prominence of lips and incisors were measured on each cephalograph. They were ∠SnNsB′、∠ANB、∠NsSnPos、∠NAPo、UL-SnPos、UI-APo、LL-SnPos and LI-APo. The distribution of soft-tissue sagittal facial pattern in each skeletal group was analyzed. The differences between ∠SnNsB′ and ∠ANB, ∠NsSnPos and ∠NAPo, UL-SnPos and UI-APo, LL-SnPos and LI-APo were calculated in each patient. Then we calculated the means and the ranges of these differences in each group, the probability of positive and negative difference between each pair of measurements in each group were calculated too. ?掊２ test on those probabilities were performed between the three groups. The mean difference between each pair of measurements was then analyzed by ANOVA between the three groups. Results  The disharmony between soft-tissue and hard-tissue sagittal facial pattern was found in 20%-30% of malocclusion patients. There were more or less differences between soft-tissue and hard-tissue topography and the ranges of their variation were quite wide. The soft-tissue integument increasingly tended to augment the convexity of soft-tissue facial profile when skeletal pattern varied from class II to class I to class III, at the same time, tended to increase upper lip prominence and decrease lower lip prominence. Conclusion  On the average, soft-tissue integument tends to camouflage the abnormality of hard-tissue topography. But as to individual, the relative independence of soft-tissue integument makes it important to notice the influence of soft tissue on treatment planning and results.

Objective  To identify certain craniofacial characteristics of untreated prepubescence Class II patients with deep and shallow mandibular notching. Methods  18 untreated preadolescent Class II patients with deep mandibular notching and 17 untreated preadolescent Class II patients with shallow mandibular notching were selected. Each subject's pretreatment lateral cephalogram was traced. Seventeen angular and eleven linear measurements were made. The means and standard deviations were calculated for each parameter. The significance of difference between mean values was evaluated by the Independent-Samples T test. Differences were considered statistically significant when the P value was 0.05 or less. Results  There was no difference in ANB between two groups, but deep notch cases had more retrusive maxillary and mandibles with shorter maxillary and corpus. In vertical direction, subjects with a deep mandibular notch had a longer lower facial height and more vertically directed mandibular plane angle than did shallow notch cases, these may be caused by the increasing of alveolar height of maxillary, smaller ramus height and greater gonial angle. Conclusion  There were some differences in the craniofacial morphologies between deep and shallow notching groups of preadolescent Class II patients. Compared with shallow notching group, the mandibles with the deep notching rotated downward and backward and have  more vertical directed tendency, but there have no obviously difference in horizontal relationship of maxillary and mandible between two groups.

Objective  To investigate the preventive effectiveness in reducing tooth decay and decalcification of different concentration of fluoride toothpaste for orthodontic patients. Methods  86 patients were divided into the first test group and the second test group. The patients of the first test group brushed tooth with 1.1% sodium fluoride and acidulated phosphate gel. The patients of the second test group brushed tooth with 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base. The extent of facial tooth decay and decalcification of the twelve upper and lower teeth from right cuspid to left cuspid was scored blindly and independently by four observers after 12 months of product use. The scores were rated either one（having tooth cavity/decalcification） or zero（no tooth cavity/decalcification）. Four observer's readings were averaged per tooth, and then per patient for the two treatment groups. Results  After 12 months of product use, the mean caries score of the first test group was 0.326, and the mean caries score of the second test group was 0.490. There was significant difference between them. Conclusion  A gel system containing 1.1% sodium fluoride and acidulated phosphate provides a clinically better efficacy in reducing tooth decay and decalcification than does a toothpaste containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base under and adjacent to orthodontic brackets used in orthodontic therapy.

Objective  To observe and compare the luciferase activities of different length segments of human dentin matrix protein 1 promoter in human dental pulp stem cells(HDPSC), obteoblasts(OC) and Hela cells. Methods The differentlength disired DNA segments were obtained from 2 0195 bp Dmp1 promoter coloned by PCR method. The amplified promoter segments with different length were cloned into luciferase report gene vector pGL3-Basic, the correct orientation of those inserts was verified by cutting with two different restrict enzymes. The luciferase activity was observed atfer different pGL3-PDmp1 vectors were transfected transiently into those three different-type cells.Results 6Dmp1 promoter segments with different-length wre obtained successfully, and luciferase report gene vectors withdifferent promoter segments were successfully constructed after identified by restriction enzymes cutting. They had different luciferase activities when theywere transfected transiently into HDPSC, and the region of -505---193bp and -935---505bp could be regarded as the specific promoters of Dmp1 promoter for HDPSC and OC respectively, which could include the basic regulatory elements. Conclusion The correct clone of the upstream of human Dmp1 promoter segments with different length had been obtained, and they had strong luciferase activities in HDPSC and OC, but very low in Hela cell. These results will make and important basis for studying mineralized tissue-specifiec transcriptional regulation mechanisms of Dmp1.

Objective To observe the efIects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)on cranial suture under mechanical strain in growing goats. Methods 10 growing goats were used in this study. A customized distractor was used for distraction of the coronal suture at a rate of 0.4 rnm/day for 8 days. The experimental group (5 goats) was injected with autologous MSCs into the distracted region, whereas the control group (5 goats) with injection of physiological saline. All animals were killed at 4 weeks after the end of distraction. Scanning electron microscopy and histological analysis were taken to observe the samples. Results 4 weeks after the end of distraction，the cranial sutures in all animals were separated succesafully. The new bone formation at the edge of suture in the experimental group was superior to that in the control group. Conclusion Autologous MSCs transplantation may promote the cranial suture distraction osteogenesis in the growing goats.

Objective To investigate the interference and the mechanisms of Bcl-2 and HER-2 genes antisense oligodeoxynucleotides combined transfection in the human tongue carcinoma Tca8113 cell lines. Methods There were 6 groups in our study, normal control group, Bcl-2 sense experimental group, HER -2 sense experimental group, Bcl-2 antisense experimental group, HER-2 antisense experimental group, Bcl-2 and HER-2 genes antisense oligodωxynucleotides combined transfection experimental group. ln the different times after liposome-mediated transfection, the cell apoptosis, Bcl-2 and HER-2 exressing level were observed by RT-PCR and electronic microscope. ResuIts According to the results of combined transfection experimental group, the apoptosis body and apoptosis cells were observed. The expression of genes were decreased statistically in both Bcl-2 and HER-2, respectively. Bcl-2 and HER-2 combined ASODN was superior to single ASODN in the intervention of tongue carcinoma. Conclusion Bcl-2 and HER-2 ASODN can effectively interfere the expression of HER-2 and Bcl-2 genes. The expression of HER-2 and Bcl-2 can be reduced, and the apoptosis of cells can be enhanced.

Objective To investigate whether the exosomes derived from Tca8113 could induce production of tumor-specific  T cells when pulsed onto dendritic cells. Methods  Tca8113 cell was cultured with RPIMI640. isolated and purified the tumor-derived exosomes from the culture supernatants by ultrafiltration with Millipore centrifual filter devices; frozen and thawed Tca8113 cells to get frozen tumor antigens(FTA). The exosomes and FT A was pulsed onto DC generated from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) in vitro. The DC pulsed with FAP or exosomes cocultured with the peripheral blood lymphocytes to transform T cell into specific CTL To observe the killing and  wounding activity of CTL, the CTL and Tca8113 cells were mixed at a ratio of 20 to 1, SPCA-l cells and 95-D cells was evaluated as control group. Results The CTL induced by DC pulsed with FAP or exosomes had significant activity killing Tca8113 CP

Objective  To detect the expression of osteoclast related factors, tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, receptor  activator of NF-?资B ligand（RANKL） and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase（TRAP）, in the process of bone remodeling. Methods  8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were employed in this study to detect the expression of osteoclast related factors by real time PCR. Results  TNF-α, RANKL and TRAP were up regulated in the process of bone remodeling, they reached the peak on day 2，5 and 10 individually after injury. Conclusion  Osteoclast related factors also participate in bone remodeling, which depends on the delicate balance between bone formation and bone resorption.

Objective  To identify metastasis-associated genes in tongue carcinoma and to better understand the mechanism underlying tongue carcinoma metastasis. To compared mRNA expression profiles of two tongue carcinoma cell strains with high and low metastatic potentials using microarray technology. Methods  Tca8113 and Tb cells were used as model systems to study the molecular mechanism of tumor metastasis. Two fluorescent cDNA probes labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 dyes were prepared from　the mRNA samples of Tca8113 and Tb cells by reverse transcription method. The two color probes were then mixed and hybridized to the cDNA chip constructed by double dots of 1 152 human genes, and scanned at two wave lengths. Differential expression genes from the above two cell lines were analyzed using computer. Then six of the different expression genes were further validated by RT-PCR technique. Results  In the 1 152 clones of known genes and expressed sequence tags that were analyzed, 37 showed significantly different（minimum 2 folds） expression levels in two cell lines. Among the 37 genes, 15 were up regulated（with ratio more than 2） and 22 down regulated（with ratio less than 1/2）. The results of RT-PCR analysis were coincident with those of microarray assay. Conclusion  Some of these genes are known to be involved in human tumor antigen, immune surveillance, adhesion, cell signaling pathway and growth control. It is suggested that the microarray in combination with a relevant analysis facilitates rapid and simultaneous identification of multiple genes of interests and in this study it provided a profound clue to screen candidate targets for early diagnosis and intervention.

 Objective  To study the effect of protein-cisplatin and nm23-H1 therapy on the tumor of nude mouse. Methods  The 15 BALB/C female mice were divided into three groups, control group, protein-cisplatin group and protein-cisplatin+nm23-H1 plasmid group. Tca8113 were injected into the mice subcutaneously with the concentration of 3.1×106 cells/mL. After two weeks, the mixture of lipofectin and nm23-H1 was injected around xenograft of nude mouse. After three days, the protein-cisplatin was injected around xenograft. The weight of mouse, the volume and the weight of xenograft were measured. Results  The weight of mouse was lightest in control group. The volume and weight of the transplanted tumor were lightest in nm23-H1+protein-cisplatin group. Conclusion  The combination therapy of nm23-H1 and protein-cisplatin can effectively inhibites the growth of xenograft in nude mouse.

Objective  To explore the effects of mandibular implant junction on the growth of immature bone. Methods  Eight Beagle dogs were randomly divided into three groups: control, unjunction and junction. Twelve implants were produced on the mandible of unjunction experimental group and junction experimental group. At three months after implanting, radiographic examination was performed. Results  Three months after implanting, all implants were integrated with bone. None implants was mobile or got off. Radiographic examination demonstrated that the bone lose difference was no significant in junction and unjunction group. Conclusion  Mandibular implant connection wasn′t effect on the growth of bone.

Objective  To investigate the therapeutic reason of orthodontic patients in Luzhou. Methods  A questionnaire investigation was made for the following randomly chosen people：452 teenage patients from orthodontic department of stomatology hospital affiliated to Luzhou Medical College were brought into treatment group. 600 students from Luzhou No.2 Middle School were brought into non-treatment group. The questionnaire investigation was conducted to two groups. The results were statistically analysed with SPSS 10.0. Results  ①The main aim for orthodontic treatment was to align the teeth. ②37.39% of the patients accepted orthodontic treatment for parent′s demand. ③76.1% of the patients expected to align the dentition. ④Most people in treatment group could accept the time and expenses in the orthodontic treatment, but most people of non-treatment group could not accept the expenses in the orthodontic treatment. ⑤Most people thought appearance was important. Conclusion  Aesthetic is the main reason for orthodontic patients.

Objective  To analyze the characteristic of publication of West China Journal of Stomatology（WCJS）. Methods  Making use of literature metrology, a comprehensive analysis of the information publication of West China Journal of Stomatology from 2000 to 2005 was made. Results  The quantity of articles published from 2000 to 2005 in West China Journal of Stomatology was 964, the average fund paper ratio was 0.419, 96.78% of articles had more than one author, and the average paper author cooperating degree was 4.01. The authors scattered in 31 provinces. Conclusion  West China Journal of Stomatology is one of the most important information source of stomatology.