The warrant consideration thing in current dental clinical is the allergy or oversensitivity of patients to prosthodontics materials. The article presents the essence, clinical symptoms, testing difficulties of allergy, and discusses the related situations of allergy to metal, porcelain and polymers materials, and also emphasizes the principle of treatment to allergy.

The diagnosis and therapy of otitis media with effusion associated cleft palate are important parts of the sequence therapy of cleft lip and palate. The ongoing research about it in Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery in West China College of Stomatology of Sichuan University is one of the earliest domestically researches, so there must be some learnable experiences from it. The popularity and underlying harm are presented in this paper. Myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion is a safe and effective way to relief middle ear dysfunction and audition loss, it should be considered to be a basic principle of therapy, when and how to complete this surgery skillfully have also been discussed in this paper.

Objective To study the bonding capability when Ni-Cr porcelain alloy was added with Ti, compound rare earth metals and removed the element of Be. Methods Ni-Cr-Ti porcelain alloys manufactured by Institute of Metal Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences were tested. The test alloys were divided into three groups according to whether containing Be and compound rare earth metals or not. And HI BOND Ni-Cr base-metal alloy was chosen as control. The metal-ceramic specimens were prepared for shear test, scanning electron microscope（SEM） and energy spectrum analysis. Results The shear bond strength of the four groups were analyzed. No significant difference were observed among them（P ＞0.05）. No crackle was found and they were contacted tightly between the porcelain and metal. The composition and contents of the four groups′ interfaces were closed. Conclusion The shear bond strength of the self-made Ni-Cr-Ti porcelain alloys all can satisfy the clinical requirements. Experimental groups containing Ti, compound rare earth metals and removing the element of Be can be used as better recommendation for clinical practice.

Objective To establish determination method of formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid  in dental plaque with high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. Methods After the samples were cen - trifuged, 2 μL supernatant was transferred to a 1 mL centrifuge tube and diluted in water, then was determined with HPLC. The mixture of phosphate buffer and methanol（97∶3） as mobile phase throughout the experiment. The determination of organic acid was performed on Phenomenex C18 column and at their maximum absorption wave. Results The linear ranges of formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid were 0.110 ～500, 0.049～500，0.047～ 500，0.084～500 μg/mL. The detection limits were 0.110，0.049，0.047，0.084 μg/mL. The relative standard derivation were 9.5%，7.9%，4.3%, 4.2%. The average recoveries of samples were 82%～112%，82%～102.5%，90%～ 115%, 80%～110%. Conclusion The method was simple, quick and adapt for analysis of organic acid in dental plaque.

Objective To observe the production of interleukin（IL）-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α（TNFα） from stimulated human fibroblast with abstract from cell wall of Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC19246. Methods The abstract from the cell wall from Actinomyces naeslundii were extracted and purified with the method of purifying lipoteichoic acid（LTA） and stimulated the THP-1 with three different concentrations（1, 10, 100 mg/mL）. The level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα in the supernatant was quantitatively analyzed by ELISA. Results Abstracts at the concentrations of 10, 100 mg/mL significantly produced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, especially 10 mg/mL. Conclusion The abstract from cell wall of Actinomyces naeslundii may significantly increase IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα level in the supernatant of THP-1, and the increasing level is different with the concentrations.

Objective To study the mechanism of sensitivity variation to cisplatin caused by nm23-H1. Methods The samles was divided into two groups: Tca8113 group and Tca8113/nm23-H1 group. Using MTT and flow cytometer, the changes of cell mortality rate, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected. By VG PQ Excell, the changes of the intracellular platinum were detected. Results In vitro the cell mortality rate and apoptosis were increased in Tca8113/nm23-H1 group, comparing with Tca8113 group. Mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased in Tca8113/nm23 -H1 group. The intracellular platinum was increased significantly in Tca8113/nm23 -H1 group. This effect could be inhibited by oubain which was an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATP. Conclusion nm23-H1 can increase the sensitivity of cisplatin on Tca8113 cell line. The mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased by nm23-H1 so that intracellular platinum was increased and finally increased the apoptosis or necrosis.

Objective To construct a eukaryotic vector which could express bone morphogenetic protein-7（bmp- 7） in MC3T3-E1. Methods Bone morphogenetic protein-7 gene was obtained by RT-PCR from human embryo kidney. And after sequencing and electrophoresis the obtained aim DNA fragment was inserted into eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1（+） by using restricted endonuclease and ligase. The DNA sequence of the newly - constructed plamids was proved right by the gene technic company. And then the new plasmids containing right sequence aim gene were transfected into MC3T3-E1 cells by Lipofectamine 2000. 72 h after transfecting, RT-PCR was performed to show the transfected cells containing the aim gene, and the whole protein of the transfected cells were gathered and used as samples in the next Western blot to test the expression of bmp-7 gene. Results DNA sequencing indicated the sequence of the obtained bmp -7 was identical to the reported ones in GeneBank. The electrophoretic map of the products of RT-PCR and restriction enzyme digestion played another evidence that the newly-constructed plasmids were bmp-7/pcDNA3.1（+）. The results of Western blot showed that the transfected cells could express BMP-7. Conclusion The construction of a eukaryotic vector which could express BMP-7 in MC3T3-E1 was successful.

Objective To investigate the probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum（L.plantarum） HO-69 in oral cavity. Methods The adhesion ratios to teeth and dentine surface were determined by in vitro models. Hydrophobicity and surface charges were measured by MATH method. Inhibitory activity was measured by agar well diffusion method. Results The adhesion ratios to hard tissue were quite low. The hydrophobicity and surface charges were high, and it exhibited inhibitory activity against some pathogens. Conclusion The probability is low for L. plantarum HO-69 to initiate or accelerate dental caries. It shows broad-spectrum inhibitory activity and is potential probiotics applied in oral cavity.

Objective To compare the regional load deflection rate（LDR） of multiloop edgewise arch wire （MEAW） of three dimensions with coupled use of two dimension brackets in the individual interbracket span, to understand the mechanical properties of MEAW. Methods The MEAW arch wires of stainless steel of three dimensions, 0.41 mm×0.56 mm, 0.43 mm×0.64 mm and 0.46 mm×0.64 mm, were bent into single L-loop. The study was performed with the coupled use of 0.41 mm×0.56 mm wires with 0.46 mm×0.64 mm bracket（A bracket） and 0.43 mm× 0.64 mm, 0.46 mm×0.64 mm wires with 0.56 mm×0.71 mm bracket（B bracket）. The LDR of each L -loop at the individual interbracket span when loading and unloading was measured. The data were analysed by SPSS 11.0. Results Compared the regional LDR for the couple of 0.41 mm×0.56 mm L-loop with A bracket with those for the couple of 0.43 mm×0.64 mm L-loop with B bracket, the former showed lower value than the latter at regions between the upper central and lateral incisor, the lower central and lateral incisor, and between the lower lateral incisor and canine（P<0.05）. For the rest regions, the two couples exhibited similar value to the regional LDR（P＞0.05）. The regional LDR for the couple of 0.41 mm×0.56 mm L-loop with A bracket were lower at all regions than those for the couple of 0.46 mm×0.64 mm L-loop with B bracket（P<0.05） except that at the region between the lower first and second molars which showed similar value between the two couples. Conclusion The coupled use of B bracket with 0.43 mm ×0.64 mm MEAW arch wire and A bracket with 0.41mm×0.56mm MEAW arch wire exhibited similar mechanical properties.

Objective To establish a stable mandibular fracture model with inferior alveolar nerve（IAN） mutilated for exploring the IAN influence to the expression of collagen Ⅰ during mandibular fracture. Methods Japanese white rabbits were selected and IAN was liberated. The right was leaven as it is and the left was cut off, then 2 mm×5 mm fracture model was made, and HE staining and chromotropic acid 2R-bright green staining and in situ hybridization of collagen Ⅰ mRNA were made to detect mandibular fracture healing and collagen Ⅰ mRNA expression. Results Fracture healing was smooth in IAN conserved side, but delayed in the IAN mutilated side. Collagen Ⅰ in situ hybridization showed that at one week and two weeks after surgery there were obvious differences between the two sides（P<0.05）, but no difference at three weeks after surgery and four weeks（P>0.05）. Conclusion The IAN could regulate mandibular fracture healing, and influence collagen Ⅰ mRNA earlier expression.

Objective To investigate the effects of using guided bone regeneration（GBR） technique with an bioresorbable collagen membrane for repairing bone defects around dental implants. Methods In 12 mongrel dogs, pure titanium implants were immediately implanted in mandibles after extraction of the mandibular third and fourth premolars of both sides, in which standard bone defects of 3 mm×3 mm×5 mm were created at mesial side of the implants. The defects on right side were covered with Co membrane, the left side was uncovered as control. The dogs were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 6 months postoperatively. The specimens were removed and studied by gross observation, X-ray radiograph, histological examination, scanning electron microscope（SEM） and pull-out test. Results The quantity and quality of new bone formation in experimental side which bone defects covered with Co membrane were much better than that in the control side. Conclusion With the biodegradable property and excellent biocompatibility, Co membrane can be used for guided bone regeneration to promote the bone repair progress, and the promotion acts mainly at early stage of bone healing.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of the multidisciplinary treatment combined orthodontics with implant prosthodontics for cases of dentition defect with malocclusion. Methods Seventeen cases of dentition defect with malocclusion were observed. All the cases accepted the orthodontic treatment in order to establish normal occlusion and achieve adequate space for implants. After that, the missing teeth were replaced by implant-supported denture. The clinical effect was evaluated by clinical examination and radiographic examination. Results Satisfactory esthetic and functional results were achieved for all the cases. The follow-up time ranged from 12 months to 48 months. 76 implants were inserted totally. Two of them were extracted due to peri-implantitis. However, the other 74 implants were stable with an average loading time of 32 months. The cumulative survival rate was 97.4%. Conclusion The multidisciplinary approach combined orthodontics with implant prosthodontics was an effective treatment option for cases of dentiton defect with malocclusion.

Objective To research the influence of gilt to the retention of the complete metal crown. Methods Sixty Ni-Cr alloy complete metal crown were divided into three groups, control group（common Ni-Cr alloy complete metal crown）, whole gold-plating group（whole gilding on the tissue surface of the inner Ni-Cr alloy complete metal crown）, partial gold-plating group（gilding on the tissue surface of 1/3 cervical inner Ni-Cr alloy complete metal crown）. The retention force of complete metal crown was measured by tensile force/pressure ergograph. Results The retention force of control group, partial gold -plating group, whole gold -plating group were （657 ± 151） N, （632±139）N, （569±103）N, respectively. There were significant differences between control group and whole goldplating group, whole gold-plating group and partial gold-plating group（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between control group and partial gold -plating group（P >0.05）. Conclusion The force of retention would de - crease after gilding on the tissue surface of the inner Ni-Cr alloy complete metal crown, but have no influence to normal retention requirement of complete crown. Although the retention of partial gold-plating complete metal crown had somewhat decrease, it could be ignored.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of different tapered gutta-percha root filling by warm vertical condensation with immediate postoperative radiographs and one year follow-up. Methods 40 maxillary anterior teeth with single, straight canals were divided into two equal groups. The teeth were instrumented with Hero 642 rotary nickel-titanium files to a master file 0.06 taper No. 30. Group 1 was obturated with 0.02 tapered gutta-percha using System B for downpack and Obtura Ⅱ for backfilling. Group 2 was the same but 0.06 tapered gutta-percha. Every tooth′s X-ray radiographs of immediate postoperative and one year follow-up were taken. In order to compare the quality of root canal filling, the rate of filling material extrusion, and the rate of obturation of lateral canals in each group were evaluated by X-ray radiographs. The clinical effect of one year follow-up′s radiographs of the two groups was compared too. Results There was no significant difference in two groups on the quality of the root canal filling, obturation of lateral canals, and filling material extrusion. The success of the therapy was similar. But the 0.06 tapered gutta-percha group showed more quickly healing trend on apical periodontitis. Conclusion When single, straight root canals were obturated using warm vertical condensation, adaptively tapered gutta-percha showed better clinical effect.

Objective To explore the use of dental operating microscope with ultrasonic instruments in root canal retreatment. Methods 164 root canals in 124 teeth of 111 patients who need root canal retreatment were treated under dental operating microscope（DOM） with ultrasonic instruments, then the success rates were calculated. Results Both 136 root canals with a success rate of 82.93% from 164 root canals and 103 teeth with a success rate of 83.06% from 124 teeth were managed successfully. The each category of the retreated teeth was 85.29% for calcified canals, 83.33% for canal subjected to resinifying therapy, 86.67% for misunderstood root canals, 100% for canals blocked by post, and 66.67% for both root canals blocked by instrument fragments and ledged. Conclusion The use of microscope and ultrasonic instruments was proved to be an effective way in the root canal retreatment.

Objective To investigate the situation about the dental impression disinfection knowledge of the medical staff in stomatological hospitals. Methods A questionnaire investigation was conducted on 582 medical staff in five Grade A Class Three stomatological hospitals. The investigation items included demographic characteristics and knowledge on dental impression disinfection. Results Of 582 subjects, 424 subjects（72.85%） thought that the dental impressions should be disinfected. 76 persons chose 75% alcohol to disinfect the dental impressions, 26 persons chose povidone iodine or glutaral, 103 persons chose sterilization machine, 180 persons chose to wash with water, and 197 persons were unknown about the sterilization methods. The status of the staff grasping knowledge on dental impression disinfection was related with the working department. Conclusion Our results suggest that it is necessary to strengthen the importance of impression disinfection to medical staff in stomatological hospitals. The consciousness of protection should be enhanced to reduce the cross infection in hospitals.

Objectve To analyze the prognosis of uncomplicated crown fractures and the related factors. Methods Clinical data of uncomplicated crown fractures treated in Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School of Stomatology from 2000 to 2006 were collected, and the follow-up period was not shorter than six months. The following information was recorded, including patients′ age and gender, type of injury, with or without luxation injury, location of injured tooth, stage of root development, time elapsed between the injury and the first dental care, emergency treatment or not, pulp healing. Logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. Results The study comprised of 307 patients with 415 uncomplicated crown-fracture teeth. The frequency of pulp necrosis was significantly higher in crown-fracture teeth with luxation injuries（34.0%） than in crown-fracture teeth without luxation injuries（22.7%）（P<0.05）. Age of patients and type of injury were significantly related to pulp prognosis in crown-fracture teeth without luxation injuries. While stage of root development and type of injury were significantly related to pulp prognosis in crown-fracture teeth with luxation injuries. Conclusion Luxation injuries was significantly related to the prognosis of uncomplicated crown-fracture teeth.

Objective To study the clinical effect of Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge on preventing the complication of teeth extraction. Methods 672 teeth were divided into experimental group and control group semirandomly. All teeth were extracted after local anesthesia and sockets were cleaned. Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge was implanted into socket in experimental group and nothing was implanted into alveolar socket in control group. The complication of teeth extraction was observed on 0.5 h, 2 d and 7 d after extraction. The incidence rate of complication was calculated. Results The incidence rate of complication of teeth extraction in experimental group was 7.72%, which was lower than that of control group（24.43%）. There was significant difference in the incidence rates of complication between experimental group and control group（P <0.05）. The incidence rate of bleeding, infection, pain, swelling and dry socket after teeth extraction in experimental group was lower than those of control group, and the difference between them was statistically significant（P <0.05）. Conclusion The results demonstrate that Gelatamp colloidal silver gelatin sponge can prevent the occurrence of complication of teeth extraction, this can be used in clinic.

Objective To evaluate the role of dental operating microscope in clinical treatment of lower incisors with multiple root canals. Methods 143 mandibular incisors in 128 patients were treated endodontically. Two kinds of preoperative radiographs were taken for each tooth, using straight projection and eccentric projection. The root canal morphology was recorded according to Vertucci′ s classification. Under dental operating microscope, the teeth with multiple root canals were shaped using Ni-Ti rotary instruments Hero 642，cleaned using sodium hypochlorite, and obturated with vertical condensation technique. The following information was recorded: The number of teeth that were found to have multiple canals in two kinds of preoperative radiographs, and when using and without using microscope. The efficiency of preparation and obturation was analyzed with radiographs before, during and after operation. Results The mandibular central incisor with one canal was 73.53% and multiple canals was 26.47% in treated teeth. The mandibular lateral incisor with one canal was 70.67% and multiple canals was 29.33% in treated teeth. By eccentric projection radiograph and treatment using microscope, more teeth with multiple canals were found. No complication was found during root canal preparation. 134 teeth were well filled and 9 showed slight over-filling. Conclusion With dental operating microscope, the mandibular incisors with multiple root canals could be treated well in combination with rotary instrumentation and vertical condensation technique.

Objective To investigate the morphological characteristics of the mandibular first premolars in people from Pe River Delta region in Guangdong province using three techniques．including periapical radiographs．the radiographs with files inserted the canals and the clearing technique．Methods A total of 363 extracted mandibular first premolars were collected and numbered．Two preoperative radiographs were taken in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions respectively．After access opening，the files were placed in the canals an d two other radiographs were taken．The mandibular first premolars with multi-canal system were selected and observed under dental operating microscope(DOM)．Th e mandibular first premolars were made transparent and were categorized using the Vertucci S classification．Results There were diferent results among the three approaches．Periapical radiographs could be used to distinguish only between one and multiple canals systems．The incidence of multiple canals was 33．33％ from the radiographs with file．Th e man dibular first premolars had a high frequency(34．44％) of multi-canal system by clearing method．Th e root canal morphology of the mandibular first premolars showed great variance．The canal orifices of the mandibular first premolars with one or two canal distributed in a buccolingual line．Th e floor of pulp chamber of the mandibular first premolars with three or four canals was a plat form．Conclusion Th e mandibular first premolars have a high frequency multi—canal system and could be classified in many categories．Using DOM an d radiographs with file is a useful way in judging the canal numbers and categories．

[Abstract] Objective To explore a method to repair nasal side mucosa of wide incomplete cleft palate and reduce the tension of wound by using oral mucosa flap in the top of fissure. Methods 27 cases of wide incomplete cleft palatal were included in the study. On the basis of two-flap palatoplasty, the triangular oral mucosa flap in the top of fissure was turned and sewed with side mucosa to repair nasal side mucosa of wide palatal cleft. Results Without postoperative active bleeding, airway obstruction and wound infection, 27 cases had been repaired satisfactorily by this procedure. 1-3 months followed up demonstrated that all the wounds healed well without wound dehiscence or fistulas and the scars in the palate were not severe. Conclusion Using oral mucosa flap in the top of fissure to repair nasal side mucosa of wide palatal cleft can get a reduced tension and correspondingly increase the width of mucoperiosteal flaps so as to decrease incidence rate of palatal fistulas and reduce formation of scars.

Objective This is a preliminary study of the endoscopic technique on open surgery. The purpose of this study is to introduce the use of endoscopic technique for the reconstruction of the condyle with costochondral graft through a preauricular incision. Methods 33 patients of temporomandibular joint diseases（n =49） under - went reconstruction of mandibular condyle with costochondral graft. After preparation of the recipient site through a preauricular incision, maxillo-mandibular fixation, and preparation of the costochondral graft, the graft was fixed to the lateral side of the mandible ramus under the supervision of arthroscope. Results All the patients had successful reconstruction of the condyle with costochondral graft without any severe bleeding or craniocerebral injury. Conclusion This case series demonstrates the feasibility of endoscopic technique for the reconstruction of the condyle through a preauricular incision. It has the advantage of high efficiency, minimal postoperative morbidity, great patient comfort, and little appearance impairment. The endoscopic technique has a promising future.

Objective To establish the spectra of metabolites that could be employed in identification of oral pathogenic bacteria, and try to find a convenient and rapid way to discriminate oral microorganism~ Methods Suspensions of Streptococcus muI,al~ ATCC 25175，Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556 and Lactobocillus ocidophilus ATCC 4356 witll same density were preparecd and cultured respectively at improved I liquid culture medium． The growth quantity were measured periodically by a turbidimeter．And the growth curves of the inoculated bacteria were completed．The culture solutions in stationary phase of the three bacteria were tested witll H-nuclear magnetic resonance (’H -NMR) spectroscopy respectively． The data of H —NMR spectroscopy results were analyzed by principal components analysis(PCA)．Results Th e PCA showed the obvious clustering phenomena and the points of three group diferentially centralized to three clusters．Therefore，the NMR—based metabonomi cs profiles could dis— criminate the three diferent kinds of bacteria+Conclusion Th e metabonomi cs is a promi sing new technology for developing to a rapid discrimi nation method of oral pathogenic bacteria．

Objective To prepare semiconductor quantum dots（QDs）-Smad2 monoclonal antibody fluorescent probes, to detect the optical qualities and the ability to specific recognition of Smad2 in rat dental papillae cells（RDPC） of quantum dots-Smad2 monoclonal antibody fluorescent probes. Methods 1）QDs were chemically modified with Smad2 proteins to prepare water soluble QDs-Smad2 monoclonal antibody fluorescent probes which were purified after preparation. 2）The absorption band and emission band of these probes were obtained through ultraviolet spectrophotometer and fluorospectrophotometer, the shape, fluorescence intensity and photochemistry stability of these probes were studied through confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. 3）Before the location of Smad2 proteins in RDPC was studied with anti -Smad2 immunocytochemical method and direct immunofluorescence imaging, RDPC were incubated with transforming growth factor-β1（TGF-β1）, and the related optical qualities of quantum dots-Smad2 monoclonal antibody fluorescent probes in RDPC were detected. Results QDs and monoclonal antibody linked together through covalent bond to form the fluorescent probes which could specifically and effectively recognize Smad2 proteins in RDPC. These fluorescent probes still had good properties, including broad excite spectra, narrow emission spectra, high fluorescence intensity and photostability. Conclusion QDs and monoclonal antibody could link together through covalent bond to form the nanometer molecular probes with distinct optics character and photostability, which provides the scientific evidence that QDs can visualize the molecular movement in living cells in long-term, in situ and in real time.

Objective To study the effect of retinoic acid（RA） on cell proliferation and apoptosis of palatal shelves by 5 -bromo -2 -deoxyuridine（BrdU） and terminal -deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL）. Methods C57BL/6J mice were used to establish the RA induced cleft palate animal model, in which the pregnant mice were given a single dose of RA at 100 mg/kg body weight on gestation day 10（GD10） and GD12, respectively. Specimens were prepared for immunohistochemical staining by using BrdU and TUNEL monoclonal antibodies. Results The percentages of BrdU positive cells of embryonic palatal mesenchyme（EPM） and medial edge epithelium（MEE） in GD10 RA group were both obviously lower than that of control group. There was no difference between GD12 RA group and control group. Abnormally intense staining of TUNEL was detected in the palatal mesenchymal cells of GD10 day RA group but not in control group and GD12 day RA group. Conclusion After exposure of embryonic mice to RA on GD10, the proliferation and apoptosis of palatal mesenchymal cells are increased, this causes the smaller size of shelves and failure of fusion. The MEE cells keep a bilayer midline epithelial seam after exposure on GD12 with normal apoptosis, this indicates that cell apoptosis in MEE cells be not the only process required for palatal fusion.

Objective To assess suppression effects of vector-based small interfering RNA（siRNA） on vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） expression of human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line（Tca8113） in vitro. Methods Two siRNA targeting VEGF constructed in eukaryotic expression vector（Pu-VEGF-siRNA1, Pu-VEGFsiRNA2）,eukaryotic expression vector as the experiment control, all of which were transfected into Tca8113 cells with Lipofectamine 2000. Non-transfection cell was used as negative control. VEGF mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）, immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）, respectively. Results Compared to the experimental and negative controls, the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein were significantly decreased in the Pu-VEGF-siRNA1 group and Pu-VEGF-siRNA2 group. But there were no significant differences between two controls（P >0.05）. Conclusion Vector -based siRNAs targeting VEGF are efficient in down-regulating VEGF expression in Tca8113 cells.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the three species of oral Actinomyces have inhibitory effects on the growth of oral Candida albicans in vitro. Methods Straight o′ clock method was used to observe the bacteriostasis circle. Reverse o′ clock and mixed culture method were used to study the quantitative changes of Candida albicans colony respectively. Results 1）None of the groups had been viewed the bacteriostasis circle. 2）Compared with control groups, there was a significant decrease of Candida albicans colony on Actinomyces viscosus TPY soft agar（P <0.05）. Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus TPY soft agar were both devoid of obvious Candida albicans colony（P <0.01）. The former group（Actinomyces viscosus） and the two latter groups（Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus） showed a striking contrast（P<0.01）. 3）Compared with control groups, a decrease of Candida albicans showed up in the mixed culture, and the difference was significant（P< 0.05）. The discrepancies among the three experimental groups were of no statistical value（P＞0.05）. Conclusion Oral Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus could inhibit the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. However, which of them contributed more to the inhibitory effects was still not affirmed.

Objective To obtain and investigate the chromaticity properties of colored dental 3Y-TZP ceramics with different colorant combinations. Methods Colorant combinations were mixed with TZ-3Y-S powder, then the mixtures were compacted at 200 MPa using cold isostatic pressure, densely sintered at 1 500 ℃ for 2 h forming 5 graded colored dental zirconia ceramics. Specimen were sectioned into 10 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm and 10 mm×10 mm× 1 mm slices from the sintered blocks. Color measurement was performed under black background using spectrophotometer. The chromaticity properties were compared with that of the VITA In-Ceram YZ shade guide. Results Five colored dental zirconia ceramics were obtained. The lightness decreased gradually, and the chroma value increased gradually. The color differences of the two thickness specimens were little. The parameters of the color space were L*：67.76～77.78；a*：-2.19～3.80；b*：12.13～25.01, which was similar with that of the VITA In-Ceram YZ shade guide, while the lowest value of lightness was relatively higher than that of the VITA In-Ceram YZ shade guide. Conclusion Colored 3Y-TZP dental ceramics are suitable for clinical use. There is a need to develop more darkness shaded zirconia dental ceramics.

Objective To investigate the effect of estrogen on heat shock protein（HSP） 70 expression in rat masseter muscle. Methods Sixty twelve-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham surgery group（control group）, ovariectomy group（OVX group）, ovariectomy with estradiol valerate replacement treatment group（OVX/EV group）. Half of the animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks respectively, then the masseter muscle was removed. Immunohistochemistry（IHC） method was employed to study the HSP70 expression in masseter muscle. Results Compared to control group and OVX/EV group, the expression of HSP70 was significantly lower at 8 weeks in OVX group（P＜0.05）. There were no significantly difference between the HSP70 expression of control group and that of OVX/EV group. Conclusion Estrogen may affect HSP70 expression in rat masseter muscle, and estrogen replacement therapy may prevent HSP70 reduction.

Objective Studies have showed that L type calcium channel plays an important role in dentin calcification and affects tooth development and tooth reparation after injury. The objective of this article is to study the effects of nimodipine, blocking agent of L type calcium channel, on human dentinogenesis using human tooth slice organ culture in vitro. Methods Young healthy human premolars were collected, and cut into 2 mm-thick transverse slices by low speed diamond saw. Agarose beads dipped in nimodipine solution and PBS weresy mmetrically placed on tooth slices, and the slices were then embedded in a semisolid agarose-based medium and cultured with organ culture method for 1 week. Fluorescent band of tetracycline, Von-Kossa staining, immunohistochemical staining of the slices and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） of odontoblasts were observed to evaluate dentinogenesis changes of the slices. Results Tooth slices were successfully cultured in vitro for 1 week and the odontoblasts could maintain their original morphology. After treatment with nimodipine, the fluorescent band of tetracycline was narrow and weak, and globular calcification in predentine was decreased compared with the control. TEM showed that secretory vesicles in odontoblast were somewhat increased, but immunohistochemical staining for collagen Ⅰ showed no difference between the two groups. Conclusion Nimodipine can influence the calcification of dentine, but has no obvious influence on the synthesis and secretion of dentine matrix. The results show that L type calcium channel is important in dentin calcification.

Sparganosis mansoni is a kind of parasitic infective disease, rarely seen in clinic. A case of sparganosis mansoni is reported in this article. The patient was a 25-year-old male, who came to Xiangya Hospital on September 26th, 2007 because of a mass in the left cheek. A white tape-like body was found during the operation and recognized to be a live parasite. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of the serum revealed positivity against Spirometra mansoni. The final identification proved that the white tape-like body was Sparganum mansoni. The disease of this patient was caused by eating raw flesh of frogs infected with the Sparganum mansoni.

A 10-month-old boy suffering from a rare multiple-deformities with congenital cleft lip, ala nasi cleft, face horizontal cleft, alveolar cleft, accessory ear and inguinal hernia. All of the above-mentioned multiple-deformities have been cured by surgical operations, during which the bleeding was prevented strictly. According to the principle of asepsis, the hernial sac was ligatured firstly, the accessory ears were cut off, the ala nasi cleft, cleft lip and facial transversal cleft were repaired in turn. After the operation, the wound were completely healed up in time and the deformities were corrected.

Fixed orthodontic treatment is rarely used on primary dentition. In this paper, a primary dentition child with mandible fracture was treated with orthodontic treatment appliance. The occlusal function was improved and the fracture was recoveried after treatment.