Periapical film is one of important method for odontiasis diagnose. The periapical film can reflect some changes in root tip or periapical tissue found under human observation hardly. Those changes take great effect in diagnose of intractable odontopathy. The various kinds of appearance in periapical film, such as anatomy mutation of root canal, vertical fracture, tooth trauma, root absorption, expanding file broken down in root canal should be made a special effort and the mutation of normal anatomy tissue should be done too. Computerized tomography or panorama film could be used when questionable problem show up on the periapical film of intractable case.

Objective The composite membrane was made by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 （rhBMP-2）, collagen（Co）, polylactic-co-glycolic acid（PLGA）. To observe the ectopic bone formation and evaluate the capability of rhBMP-2/Co/PLGA complex membrane. Methods 48 male Kunming adult mice were divided into two groups randomly: Co/PLGA complex membrane group and rhBMP -2/Co/PLGA complex membrane group. After etherized, an incision was made on the outer muscle and two groups of complex membranes were implanted into the right side hind limb muscle pouch. 8 mice from each group were sacrificed at 7, 14, 28 d. The hind limbs were removed, examined by soft X-ray, HE staining and light microscope examination. Results Wounds healed well, no infections and rejections were observed. In the Co/PLGA group, partial implanted membrane degradated and absorbed at 7 d. The membrane collagen fiber appeared loose at 14 d. The membrane lost its intact to disrupted at 28 d. No ectopic bone formation was found. In the rhBMP-2/Co/PLGA group, ectopic bone formation was found by eye, soft Xray and histological examinations. The rhBMP-2/Co/PLGA complex membrane degraded slower than Co/PLGA complex membrane. Conclusion Co/PLGA can provide a carrier for rhBMP-2 to have stronger effect of biological activity.

Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of mast cell, Clusterin/apoJ and transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） in the different stages of human dermal hemangioma. Methods Immunohistochemical stain technique（SABC） and toluidine blue（TB） stain technique were respectively used to detect the expression level of Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-β and the number of mast cells in the different stages of human dermal hemangioma. Results There was remarkable statistical difference between the advanced stage of proliferative hemangioma and the other stages of proliferative hemangioma in the number of mast cell（P<0.01）. There was also remarkable statistical difference between the early stage of involutional hemangioma and the other stages of involutional hemangioma in the number of mast cell（P<0.01）. The expression of Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-β in the advanced stage of proliferative hemangioma was significantly higher than the other stages in proliferative hemangioma（P<0.01）. The expression of Clusterin/apoJ and TGF -β in the early stage of involutional hemangioma was significantly higher than the other stages in involutional hemangioma（P<0.01）. There was a significantly positive correlation between Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-β in the different stages of human dermal hemangioma（P<0.01）. The expression level of Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-β was positively correlated with the number of mast cell in the different stages of human dermal hemangioma（P <0.01）.Conclusion Mast cell may play a promotive role of apoptosis during the spontaneous regulate the expression of Clusterin/apoJ and promote the spontaneous involution of human dermal hemangioma.

Objective To investigate the effect of Nifedipine on matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-10 and MMP-13 expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblast（HPDLF） induced by mechanical strain in vitro. Methods HPDLF was divided into four groups at random by mechanical strain of elongation 0%, 8%, 12% and 16%. Each group was divided into four subgroups again by the concentration of Nifedipine 0, 10, 30, 50 μm. The cells were imposed to state mechanical strain 12 h after incubated with Nifedipine 1 h. And then immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 in intracytoplasm. Results In 0% group, there was no significant difference of MMP-10 and MMP-13 expression in all subgroups（P>0.05）. The expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 were high in group 8%, 12% and 16% without Nifedipine, and increasing significantly with elongation（P<0.001）. The expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 decreased with dose increasing（P<0.001） in HPDLF after imposed to Nifidepine. Conclusion The expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 induced by mechanical strain were inhibited by Nifedipine, which suggested calcium ions channels participate in expressions of MMP-10 and MMP-13 induced by loading.

Objective To examine the distributions of β-catenin and adenomatous polyposis coli（APC） protein in the tooth germ, and obtain the messages of function of the two factors and the relationship between them. Methods Mice were selected and cohabited with the ratio of female mice to male ones being 2∶1, and Embryo day 0.5 was confirmed based on the finding of vaginal plug. The distributions of β-catenin and APC protein in the Embryos on day 13.5, 14.5, 15.5, 16.5, 17.5 were examined in the paraffin-embedded sections by immunohistochemistry methods. Results During E13.5 d to E17.5 d, positive expression of β-catenin was found in the oral epithelium and the dental lamina, and became more and more strong. The staining were whole cell. During the bud stage, strong positive expression of APC protein was found in the oral epithelium and the dental lamina, but the expression displayed a down -regulation tendency. The staining was the cytomembrane and cytoplasm. There was negative correlation between β-catenin and APC protein（P<0.01）. Conclusion The result of β-catenin suggests its contribution in the early development of enamel organ and the proliferation of cell. Coincidance of the two factors staining site was found, according to the statistics.

Objective To observe whether Celecoxib could inhibit the growth, regulate the expression of COX-2 and induce apoptosis of Tca8113 cells. Methods Tca8113 cells were incubated with different concentrations of Celecoxib for 24, 48 and 72 h, and MTT was used to calculate growth inhibition rate. The expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA in Tca8113 cells was detected with SP immunohistochemistry staining and fluorescent quantitative realtime RT-PCR. Morphology of apoptosis cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and Annexin V-FITC/PI double labeling method was employed to detect early stage cell apoptosis. Results COX-2 protein was strongly expressed in Tca8113 cells and was suppressed by Celecoxib. The growth and proliferation of Tca8113 cells treated with Celecoxib were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Celecoxib treatment resulted in significant increase in apoptosis and early apoptotic rate. Fluorescent quantitative real-time RT-PCR results showed no significant effet on regulating expression of COX-2 mRNA. Conclusion Celecoxib shows a significant effect on inhibiting expression of COX-2 in Tca8113 cells, this is probably related to growth inhibition and inducing apoptosis of Tca8113 cells.

Objective To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha（TNF-α） on the growth of rat osteoblasts. To find out the mechanisms that TNF-α regulates the growth of osteoblasts. Methods To assay osteoblasts proliferation by MTT. To assay alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity of osteoblasts by PP-nitrophenyl phosphate（PNPP）. Results The osteblasts proliferation and the ALP activity decreased in treatment groups, and the significantly lower levels were observed in above 50 ng/mL groups（P＜0.05）. Conclusion TNF-α restrained osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation, and the effects were more significant in above 50 ng/mL groups.

Objective To study the response of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells（MSCs） to a single period of mechanical strain and expression patterns of transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β） and insulin-like growth factor- Ⅱ（IGF-Ⅱ） after mechanical stretch． Methods Bone marrow MSCs were isolated from SD rats and cultured in vitro. A four-point bending apparatus were used to perform a single period of mechanical strain（2 000 με, 40 min） on MSCs. Cellular proliferation and alkaline phosphatase（ALP） activity of MSCs were examined and gene expression patterns of TGF-β and IGF-Ⅱ were detected by SYBR green quantitative real-time RT-PCR． Results Cell proliferation, ALP activity and expression of TGF-β and IGF-Ⅱ were all significantly up-regulated in stretched MSCs when compared with their controls. The mRNA levels of TGF-β and IGF- Ⅱ got top increase immediately after mechanical loading and increased about 51.44 and 8.92 folds, respectively, when compared with control cells. Expression of TGF-β and IGF-Ⅱ decreased with time and returned to control level at 12 h after mechanical stimulus, despite of a small increase at 6 h. Conclusion The mechanical stretch can promote MSCs proliferation, up-regulate its ALP activity and induce a time-dependent expression increase of TGF-β and IGF-Ⅱ which in turn result in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Mechanical stimulus is a key stimulator for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and vital for bone formation in distraction osteogenesis.

Objective To construct luxS mutant aften luxS gene of Streptococcus mutans（S.mutans） was knocked out, and examine their ability of biofilm formation. Methods A recombinant plasmid containing the flanking fragment of luxS of S.mutans was transformed into S.mutans UA159, and selected by brain heart infusion（BHI） agar medium with kanamicin. The luxS mutant further confirmed via polymerase chain reaction（PCR） and the autoinducer-2（AI-2） bioluminescence assay of Vibrio harveyi（V.harveyi）, and ability of luxS mutant and S.mutans UA159 biofilm formation was examined in different phases, in BHI medium with 1% sucrose and 1% glycose by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Results LuxS-deficient S.mutans strains were successfully constructed. Compared with S.mutans UA159, the luxS mutant maintained in BHI medium containing 1% sucrose displayed an apparent defect in biofilm formation, while they showed no significant deviation in BHI medium containing 1% glycose. Conclusion luxS gene in S.mutans can play a role in dental plaque biofilm formation, and the luxS gene is possible to regulate sucrose -dependent biofilm formation.

Objective The aim of the survey was to obtain the basic information of the working authorizations of fixed partial dentures so as to enhance the quality of professional cooperation between dentists and dental technicians in the future. Methods 2 317 pieces of working authorizations of fixed partial dentures were divided into three groups according to the level of consignors. The filling of working authorization was recorded. The items in the questionnaire included the patients′ information（name, gender, age and telephone number）, design（design of occlusion, bridge, bottom crown, connector, and shade selection）, sign and product date. Results The statistical test showed there was significant difference in patients′ age, telephone number and product date among these three groups. Dentists paid more attention to shade selection of anterior teeth than posterior teeth. Conclusion In this survey, the filling of working authorization of fixed partial dentures is generally ignored by dentists. The filling of working authorization should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of dentine hypersensitivity of young people in Chengdu city. Methods The dentine hypersensitivity of 741 cases aged 18-35 living in Chengdu city were surveyed with questionnaire and oral examination by random collection during June to July in 2008. The relative risk factors to dentine hypersensitivity were analyzed. Results 128 cases（17.27%） were diagnosed as dentine hypersensitivity. The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity was higher among female than male（P＜0.01）. Cold was the most common stimulus for dentine hypersensitivity（62.80%）. The most common affected tooth was the right maxillary first premolar （15.51%）. Acid regurgitation, carbonated beverage, hard toothbrush type and heavy toothbrushing force were risk factors to dentine hypersensitivity. Conclusion The prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity of Chengdu city′s young people is widespread. Acid and incorrect toothbrushing methods can cause dentine hypersensitivity. The correct protective measure to dentine hypersensitivity shoule be publicized.

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate how different surface roughness of opaque porcelain influence reflectance and CIE L* value of porcelain fused to metal（PFM） restorations. Methods 48 casted Ni-Cr alloy metal specimens（12.0 mm×1.0 mm） were fabricated with ShoFu Vintage Halo porcelain and divided into six groups, eight pieces for each group. The specimens in the first group without polishing were used as control. Other groups were polished against 200-, 400-, 600-, 800-, and 1 000-grit sandpaper after sintered, respectively. Surface roughness and color parameters of the specimens were measured with a Surface Roughometer EX2154-13 and a spectrocolorimeter, respectively. Ra（arithmetical mean deviation of the profile） was the main standard value to describe the surface roughness of many kinds of meatal or porcelain materials, and here we used it to express surface roughness of opaque porcelain. The data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance（alpha= 0.05） in SPSS 13.0. Results The reflectance value increased from 72.386±3.953 to 78.671±3.408, and CIE L* value from 90.189±1.200 to 93.496±1.070 with the increasing of surface roughness（Ra） of opaque porcelain from （0.226± 0.069）μm to （0.706±0.082）μm. The same magnitude were also observed after body porcelain and enamel porcelain were sintered on with reflectance increased from 76.301 ±3.097 to 81.529±4.028, and CIE L* value from 80.694± 1.564 to 84.604±2.964. Conclusion The surface roughness of opaque porcelain had effects on the reflectance and value of PFM restorations. Within the limitation of this study, the recommended Ra range of opaque porcelain was 0.23-0.50 μm.

Objective To investigate the color stability and opacity of seven resin-based composite products after ultraviolet irradiation. Methods Seven kinds of light-cured resin-based composite products（Aelite Flo, Filtek Z350 Flowable, Clearfil AP-X, Dyract AP, Z100, Durafill VS, Filtek Z350 Universal） were tested in the study（five for each group）. Changes in color and opacity of test samples were determined before and after 8, 16 and 24 h ultraviolet irradiation using the CIE 1976 L*a*b* system and CIE 1931 XYZ system by a colorimeter. Results The color of resin disks suffering ultraviolet irradiation was different in differdnt irradiating time. Color difference values ranged from 1.85-3.21 for 8 h ultraviolet irradiation to 2.88-4.55 for 24 h ultraviolet irradiation. Opacity values ranged from 0.75-0.82 before ultraviolet irradiation to 0.80-0.98 after 24 h ultraviolet irradiation. Among all the groups, Z100 and Filtek Z350 Flowable showed the biggest color change, while Filtek Z350 Universal showed the highest opacity. Conclusion It can be concluded that for some products, ultraviolet irradiation leads to color instability and opacity variation.

Objective To study the fracture resistance and the failure pattern of horn-shaped root canal orifice restored by different materials. Methods Fifteen human maxillary central incisors were selected. After schedule root canal therapy, the residual dental roots with horn-shape root canal orifice were prepared. The specimens were assigned to three groups randomly. A group was rehabilitated by casting metal post -core crown. B group was rehabilitated by prefabricated fiber post and composite core crown. C group was rehabilitated by shapeable fiberreinforced composite resin post and core crown. Loads were applied on the samples at 130 degree to the long axis of the root and measured with universal testing machine. The failing patterns were recorded. Results There were no difference in fracture resistance among three groups（P＞0.05）. But the failing patterns were different. A group manifested root fracture and separation between cement and root dentin. B group mainly manifested separation between cement and post. C group manifested separation between cement and root dentin. Conclusion For restoration of residual dental root with horn-shaped orifice, fiber composite post-core crown has advantages in residual root protection and once more restoration.

Objective To measure the positional changes of temporomandibular joint（TMJ） disk and condyle with insertion of anterior repositioning splint（ARS） using magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） for further understanding of the splint therapy mechanisms. Methods Twenty -two patients with temporomandibular joint clicks were included. 31  TMJs were diagnosed as anterior disk displacement with reduction（disk-displaced group）, and the other 13 TMJs were normal（normal group）. All joints were scanned oblique-sagittally by MRI before splint treatment in three positions including closed-mouth position of centric occlusion（the position before insertion of ARS）, incisors′ edge to edge position, and mandibular least forward protrusion position（the position after insertion of ARS）. Results 1）Disk-condyle angle: In closed-mouth position, the average angle was 54.23° in the disk-displaced group, while it was 9.80° in the normal group ; in incisors′ edge to edge position and mandibular least forward protrusion position, the angle was reduced to normal in most of the disk-displaced cases. 2）Disk position: From closed-mouth position to incisors′ edge to edge position or mandibular least forward protrusion position, the forward displaced disk moved backward significantly, while the disk with normal position did not change significantly in the three positions. 3）Condyle position: From closed -mouth position to incisors′ edge to edge position or mandibular least forward protrusion position, the condyle moved forward and downward significantly both in the disk-displaced group and in the normal group. Conclusion With insertion of the splint, the condyle moved anteriorly and inferiorly and the disk moved posteriorly, most of the anterior displaced disks could be reduced to normal positions in the joint fossa. The result indicated that the splint protruded condyle forward and prevented the backward reduced disk from displacing forward again during mouth closing.

Objective Ceramic brackets debonding by Nd：YAG laser is based on the thermal effect of laser, which may cause injury of the pulp tissue. In this study, the histological changes of pulp tissue that subjected to Nd：YAG laser irradiation with different power and time were observed. Methods 20 New Zealand rabbits were included in this study. Ceramic brackets were bonded to the 4 incisors as routine. The ceramic brackets of left upper teeth that debonded mechanically were used as control group, while the brackets of right upper, left lower and right lower incisors were debonded by laser with 3 W 3 s（group A）, 2 W 5 s（group B） and 5 W 2 s（group C） energies, respectively. The teeth were pulled out at 5 minutes, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week and 1 month after the debonding operations. Slides prepared from the pulp tissues of the debonded teeth were used to evaluate the injury of laser. Results In comparison with the control group, pulp tissue of teeth that exposed to laser with different energy for 5 minutes showed mild capillary dilation. One day later, group A, B and C showed moderate capillary dilation, and group C also showed moderate infiltration. At 3 days, inflammation was disappeared in group B, whereas capillary dilation was found in group A. Hemorrhage and inflammation cells infiltration were found in group C. At 1 week, alleviation of capillary dilation was found in group A but not in group C. One month later, inflammation disappeared in group A, while pulp tissue in group C showed mild edema and capillary dilation. Conclusion Nd：YAG laser of high energy may cause injury of the pulp tissue during debonding. Laser energy of 3 W 3 s could effectively debond ceramic brackets without irreversible pulp injury.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the metameric color differences between natural teeth and three brands of commercially available resin teeth. Methods The spectral reflectance and color coordinates of natural teeth and three brands of commercially available resin teeth of A2 shade were measured with a spectrophotometer（PR-650） according to the CIE L*, a*, b* and CIE XYZ color scale relative to illuminant D65, A, cool white fluorescent（CWF） and ultraviolet（UV）, and the metameric indices were calculated to determine the metameric color differences between natural teeth and resin teeth. Results CIE L*, a*, b* values were influenced by the type of illuminants in both natural teeth and resin teeth. The pattern of spectral reflectance curves for natural teeth and resin teeth of A2 shade were different, while there were more than three crossing points among each curves, which meant the color of natural teeth and resin teeth of A2 shade might be the same under certain illuminant. The metameric indices between natural teeth and resin teeth of A2 shade were 3.48, 2.52 and 3.36 under illuminant A; 1.21, 1.90, and 2.79 under illuminant CWF; 1.59, 2.07, and 4.07 under illuminant UV. The metameric indices between resin teeth of different brand were 1.08, 0.10, and 1.01 under illuminant A; 1.46, 2.23, and 0.94 under illuminant CWF; and 2.55, 2.69, and 4.64 under UV. Conclusion Changes in optical properties of resin teeth of A2 shade relative to the different illuminants were different from those of natural teeth, the metameric effect between natural teeth and resin teeth of A2 shade were significant. Therefore, shade matching between natural teeth and resin teeth should be performed under more than one illuminant.

Objective To study the retentive force and deformation of acetal resin clasp. Methods 40 premolars and 40 molars were cast respectively. Undercut of 0.25 mm or 0.50 mm depth were measured for each with undercut gage. According to the type of abutment and the depth of undercut, the specimens were divided into 4 groups: Premolars with 0.25 mm undercut, premolars with 0.50 mm undercut, molars with 0.25 mm undercut and molars with 0.50 mm undercut, 20 specimens each group. 10 three-arm clasps with resin and Co-Cr alloy were fabricated in each group, respectively. The clasps were set into the corresponding abutments and soaked in distilled water. The retentive force of the clasps when 0, 720, 1 440, 2 160, 2 880, 3 600, 4 320 consecutive times of setting in and removing out from the abutments were measured. The distance between the tips of retentive arm and resistant arm after 0 and 4 320 cycles were recorded. Results 1）The mean retentive force of resin clasps（1.69 N） was significantly lower than that of Co -Cr clasps（5.87 N）（P <0.01）. With the same factors, the retentive force of resin clasps were significantly less than that of Co-Cr clasps（P <0.01）. The retentive force of molar clasps were significantly lower than that of premolar models（P <0.01）. The retentive force of 0.25 mm undercut clasps were significantly lower than that of 0.50 mm undercut clasps（P<0.01）. With increasing time of the cycles, the retentive force of Co- Cr clasps significantly reduced（P<0.01）, but the retentive force of resin clasps didn′t change significantly（P＞0.05）. 2）After 4 320 times, the distance between the tips of retentive arm and resistant arm of Co-Cr clasps increased significantly（P<0.05）, but the distance between the tips of resin clasps didn′t change significantly（P＞0.05）. Conclusion The retentive force and deformation of the resin clasp are significantly lower than those of Co-Cr clasp.

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between the lateral incisions（LI） and cleft extent after palatoplasty with the levator veli palatini retropositioning according to Sommerlad, and acquire optimal indication without lateral releasing incisions in the surgical treatment of cleft palate. Methods A total of 176 patients（81 isolated cleft palate, ICP; 74 unilateral completely cleft palate, UCCP; 21 bilateral completely cleft palate, BCCP） underwent Sommerlad palatoplasty. All dental casts evaluated had been obtained after general anaesthesia. Measuring points on the cast were determined as follows: Cleft palate width（CPW）, interhamular width （IHW）, and cleft palate index（CPI） defined as the ratio of CPW to IHW. The following analysis was carried out: The relationship between CPW and CPI, or between CPW and IHW were determined in both ICP, UCCP and BCCP subjects of both sexes together. Correlation analysis of the cleft palate width（CPW and CPI） and lateral incisions was carried out in ICP, UCCP and BCCP subjects. Results Among 81 patients with ICP, 45 patients（55.6%） had no lateral incisions and bilateral incisions with length ranged from 5 mm to 30 mm（averaged 12.7 mm±10.0 mm） were made in 36 patients（44.4%） after palatoplasty. Among 74 patients with UCCP, no lateral incision was made in 5 patients（6.8%）, unilateral incisions were made in 28 patients（37.8%）, and bilateral incisions were made in 41 patients（55.4%）. Moreover, 21 patients（100%） with BCCP had bilateral incisions after palatoplasty. There was a strong correlation between cleft indexes or cleft palate width and lateral incisions in isolated cleft palate subjects（r= 0.776, P<0.01）. Patients with CPI less than 0.31 or CPW less than 12.7 mm were more likely to have no lateral incisions following palatoplasty according to Sommerlad. Conclusion It is suggested that CPW less than 12.7 mm need no lateral incisions for isolated cleft palate re - pair. Sommerlad palatoplasty with levator veli palatini retropositioning leaves few denuded palatal bone is considered to be advantageous for maxillary growth.

Objective To explore and apply the nursing methods of comfort care for dental out -patients. Methods Control group included 103 dental out-patients who were first treated in General Dentistry Department of West China Hospital of Stomatology from June to August 2008. Experimental group included 105 dental out-patients who were first treated in the same hospital from September to November 2008. Conventional nursing methods were used for control group, and comfort care nursing methods were used for experimental group. The patients′ degree of satisfaction with nursing and oral health knowledge rate after first treatment and nursing were investigated. Results  The patients′ degree of satisfaction with nursing of the control and experimental groups were 72.816% and 98.095% and the patients′ oral health knowledge rate of the two groups were 57.282% and 93.333%. Both of the investigating results had obvious difference. Conclusion Comfort care for dental out -patients can improve patients′ degree of satisfaction with nursing and increase patients′ oral health knowledge rate. Simultaneously, comfort care can improve the specialized quality of dental nurses and would advantage to build a harmonious relationship between nurses and patients.

Objective To study the effect of stable transfection of small hairpin RNA（shRNA） targeting Survivin gene on the growth of adenoid cystic carcinoma（ACC） xenografts in nude mice. Methods Adenoid cystic carcinoma cell-2 line（ACC-2） was transfected with Survivin targeting shRNA eukaryotic expression vector, and stable monoclonal cells were selected. Transfected and nontransfected cells were respectively inoculated into subcutaneous tissue of nude mice as experimental and controls. Survivin mRNA expression of transfected and nontransfected cells were detected by reverse transcription -polymerse chain reaction（RT -PCR）. Survivin protein expression of tumors was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The growth of xenograft tumors was observed by measurement of tumor volume. Results Compared to controls, the expression of tumor volume decreased in transfected group by pGenesil-shRNA-Survivin. The expression of Survivin mRNA and protein was obviously reduced. Conclusion Survivin siRNA markedly suppressed the growth of adenoid cystic carcinoma cell xenografts in nude mice through lastingly inhibition effect on Survivin.

Objective The objective of this study is to study the distribution and molecular characteristics of the oral Saccharomyces albicans（S.albicans） in the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods 390 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were sampled by oral mucosal swab. The Candida species were identified by CHROMagar CandidaTM differential medium. All the S.albicans were genotypic grouped by PCR using primers reported to span a transposable intron region in the 25S rDNA gene. Results The frequency of oral Candida carriage of the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy was 53.85％（210/390）. Most of them were Saccharomyces albicans, the frequency was 48.21%（188/390）. The frequency of oral Candida glabrata carriage was 5.64%（22/390）. Genotypic subgroup A, B, C of Saccharomyces albicans were determined, and genotypic group B was the predominant group 59.57%（112/188）. Conclusion Saccharomyces albicans, especially genotypic subgroup B, rather than subgroup A, is the prevalence subpopulation in the oral Candida obtained from cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the release of matrix metalloproteinase -8（MMP-8） and apoptosis rate of polymorphonuclear leukocytes（PMNs） after PMNs was triggered by Enterococcus faecalis（E.faecalis） in vitro. Methods The activated E.faecalis suspension was prepared and added to PMNs suspension as experiment group. As a positive control, phorbol myristate acetate（PMA） was used. As negative control, PMNs suspension was incubated with PBS. The release of MMP-8 was measured at 0, 20, 60, 120 min by ELISA method. E.faecalis lysate acted on PMNs as experiment group, PMNs suspension was incubated with PBS as negative control, samples in two groups were incubated at 37 ℃ for 2, 5, 10, 15 h. The apoptosis rate of PMNs was tested by Flow Cytometry. Results At 0 min, there was no significant difference of MMP-8 release in the experiment group and positive control（P＞0.01）；whereas at 60, 120 min, E.faecalis induced a significant lower MMP -8 release compared with the positive control（P ＜0.01）. The apoptosis rate of PMNs in both groups increased along with time, and apoptotic rate in experiment group was higher than that in the control group at 2, 5, 10, 15 h（P<0.01）. Conclusion After E.faecalis act on PMNs，no significant release of MMP-8 from PMNs was observed. E.faecalis don′t induce PMNs apoptosis delay.

 [Abstract] Objective The method of metabonomics based on 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance（1H-NMR） was preliminarily applied to discriminate the oral common Actinomycetes, Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC12104 and Actinomyces israelii ATCC12102. Methods Solutions of Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces israelii with same density were made and cultured respectively at BHI liquid culture medium. The concentration of bacteria was determined periodically, and then the growth curves were drawn. The culture solutions in stationary phase of the two bacteria were used to test with the 1H-NMR spectroscopy respectively. The data of 1H-NMR spectroscopy results were analyzed by principal components analysis（PCA）. Results The PCA showed the obvious clustering phenomena and the points of two groups data stayed differentially together by two clusters. Therefore, the NMR-based metabolomics profiles can discriminate the two different kinds of bacteria. Conclusion The analysis technology of metabonomics is expected to be applied to rapid identification of actinomycetes.

Objective To investigate the biocompatibility of new bone tissue engineering scaffolds, A：D, L-polylactic acid（PDLLA）/polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid-polylactic acid（PLA-PEG-PLA）/Tricalcium phosphate and B： PDLLA/PLA -PEG -PLA in vivo， compared with PDLLA in repair of a rabbit mandibular body defect. Methods 24 New Zealand adult rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly. 15 mm×6 mm defects were made surgically in the bilateral mandibular bodies and each hemi-mandible was assigned as an experimental unit. The defects were randomly repaired with scaffold materials in each group. Specimens obtained were evaluated with general observation, X-ray, histomorphology and computerized graphical analysis at 2, 4 , 8, 12 weeks after surgery. Results Compared with PDLLA, the new scaffold materials B showed biocompatibility. At the same time the quantity of new bone produced was much more than that in control group（P<0.05）. The new scaffold materials A showed the clear chronic granulomatous inflammation. Conclusion New scaffold material B had sound biocompatibility. It was much better than PDLLA. So it may be an ideal bone tissue engineering scaffold material. A is not adapted to be used as scaffold material.

Objective To compare alveolar bone mineral density（BMD） changes of the male and female diabetes rats, and male diabetic rats BMD in systemic change. Methods 40 Wistar rats were divided into diabetic group（15 female rats and 15 male rats） and control group（5 female rats and 5 male rats）. Models of diabetes rats were made by peritoneal injection of streptozotocin（STZ）. Blood glucose, serum insulin, indicators of bone metabolism as well as BMD of mandibular alveolar bone, femur and lumbar spine were examined. Results The BMD of mandibular alveolar bone in male rats was higher than the female rats in the two groups（P<0.05）. The BMD of mandibular alveolar bone of male and female diabetic rats in the diabetic group was lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）. The BMD of male rats in the control group was femur, mandibular alveolar bone, lumbar spine from high to low. The BMD of male rats in the diabetic group was mandibular alveolar bone, femur, lumbar spine from high to low. Conclusion Osteoporosis happen to mandibular alveolar bone of female and male diabetes rats, especially in female rats. The BMD of mandibular alveolar bone, femur and lumbar spine in the male diabetic rats were lower than that in the control group. Mandibular alveolar bone density changes of diabetic rats was in line with the lumbar spine and femur′s, or mandibular alveolar bone density changes of diabetic rats lags behind the lumbar spine and femur′s.

Objective To construct four different micro- and nano-phase titanium film models and investigate the characteristics of their surface micro-topography. Methods Four different titanium films were prepared on commercial titanium discs, by direct current magnetron sputtering, at ambient, 100, 250, 380 ℃ substrate temperature, respectively. Their surface topography and crystal sizes were investigated using atomic force microscope（AFM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The size of granule and surface roughness in different group was calculated and compared. Results All samples were covered by a thin film consisting of dense round or ovaloid granules. The granules and crystals was growing as the substrate temperature increasing. The Ti substrate had greater effect on the surface topography of film compared with Si substrate. This kind of complex topography caused the surface roughness of Ti substrate group decreased as the granules growing. Conclusion In our study, four different micro- and nano-phase titanium film models were constructed for our coming investigation of their topographical influence on biological reaction of proteins and cells. Basic data on surface features was obtained for next in vitro and in vivo experiment.

A case of cleidocranial dysplasia（CCD） was reported and relevant literatures were reviewed. The diagnosis and treatment of this case were discussed.

Completed denture or immediate completed dentures were manufactured before operation to three patients with edentulous mandible and maxillary or severe chronic periodontitis. The remnant teeth of patients were extracted. Four Ankylos implants were implanted in mandible, and six implants were implanted in maxillary. SynCone conical bases were placed into implants, prefabricated conical crowns were inserted into conical bases, and temporary dentures were completed. After 3-12 months, temporary dentures were replaced by overdenture with casting frame. Except that one implant had been lost and was replaced by a new implant after 1 month of treatment, the rest implants had no obvious frontal resorption in 12-24 months of follow-up.

Odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor, which has an odontogenic cystic tumor-derived calcification features and characteristics of the malignant cytology and invasive growth of the tumor. In the article, a case of odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma on maxillary bone was reported.

Malignant proliferating tricholemmoma is a very rare dermatic annexal tumor originated from outer root sheath cells. In this article, a case of facial multiple malignant proliferating tricholemmoma was reported, and its clinical pathologic features, differential diagnosis, treatment methods and histogenesis were discussed by reviewing relevant literatures.