Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal mRNA expression changes of integrinB1during the healing process ofmandibularfractures.Methods:The in situ hybridizationwas performed using digoxigenin-labeled integrinB1 mRNA oligonucleotide probe. During the healing process of mandibular fractures, the staining pattern ofB1mRNAwas examined both spatially and time-dependently.Results:IntegrinB1was widely present in the cells of the fractured bone, especially in os- teoblasts. The positive stainingwas observed in the cytoplasm and nucleolus of osteoblasts. After7 days of fracture, the expression level of integrinB1increased. The peak appeared between the 14th and the 30th day, and almost recovered to normal between the 60th and 90th day.Conclusion:During the healing process ofmandibularfracture, the expression level of integrinB1in bone, es- pecially in osteoblasts rose. It is suggested that integrinB1may play an important role in the fracture healing process.

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and functions of nerve growth factors during teeth injury. Methods:Twenty male Wistar ratswere givenmechanical irritation in upperfirstmolar and theirmolecular and biological changes were examined in different periods. Four of them were killed immediately after the teeth were irritated, the other fourwere killed 3 days, 5days, and 9 days respectively after the teethwere stimulated. The perfusionwas performed through the leftventricle with 4% paraformaldehyde and 012% picric acid in 011% phosphate buffer. The maxilla was decalcified and embedded. Sections of 15Lm in thickness were cutwith freezing macrodome in the sagittal planes. Then the sections were stained with immunohistoche- mical method to observe changes ofNGF in the injured dental pulp, comparingwith thatin the normal dental pulp. In the end, we observed the NGF distribution in the pulp under optical microscope, and analyzed the expression level of NGF with the image pattern analysis instrument. The results were statistically analyzed.Results:In the normal group, the NGF expression was not observed.In the experimental group of zero hour,the NGF expression could be observed, but was very low. In the experimental group of three days, the NGF expression increased greatly, and the positive sites mainly distributed in the odontoblastic and the sub-odontoblastic layer. They also distributed in dentinal tubules. But in the group of 5 days, the level of NGF decreased. In the group of 9 days, itwas the same as thatof the normal group. Using the image pattern analysis instruments and statistical analysis, the results clearly showed that the expression level were lower in the group of three days than that of the other groups, and the expression levels of the groups0 and 5 dayswere lowerthan thatof the normal control group, however, thatof 9-day groupwas the same as the normal group.Conclusion:NGF may play a role in the reaction and nerve restoration after teeth injury and, the expression change in different stages.

Objective:Sufficient porcelain-titanium bond is a vital factor determining the clinical performance of titanium-porcelain restorations. The purpose of this studywas to investigate the effects of self-preparation La-porcelain composition on the porcelain-ti- tanium bonding strength and to compare with the Vita Titankeramik.Methods:The present study examines 5 different recipes of porcelain by weight%:SiO2,12%~17%;LaO2,7%~10%;Al2O3,9%~14%;B2O3,23%~31%;CaO,6%~8%;K2O,2% ~3%;SrO,2%~4%;Na2O, 1%~3%; SnO2, 8%~10%;ZrO2,3%~5%;TiO2,6%~8%. Specimens were tested in push type shearwith a universal testingmachine. Scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) were employed to reveal the microstructures and diffusion of elements in the interfacial regions between the porcelain coating and ti- tanium to the bond strength when fired at 800e.Results:The ratios of crystallized compositions had significant influences on the porcelain-titanium bond strength (P<0.05). La-porcelain had the highest shear bond strength (37.76 MPa). The shear bond strength of the Vita Titankeramik to titanium was 20.18 MPa. The results of SEM revealed integrity of porcelain-titanium joints in La-porcelain and a greater amount of porosity in the interface of Vita Titankeramik to titanium. EPMA analysis demonstrated the aggregation of Si and Sn in the interfacial regions and their diffusion into the titanium.Conclusion:Chemical compositions of porcelain and ratios of crystallized compositions play the important role in the titanium porcelain bond. La-porcelain had the highest shear bond strength and good porcelain-titanium joints. La-porcelain is a new-style low fusing porcelain/titanium system.

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the expression changes ofbcl-2andBaxgenes and their functions in facial neuronal apoptosis after amputating the facial nerve.Methods:Ratswere randomized into two groups, in- cluding the experimental and the control group. The changes of expression ofbcl-2andBaxgenes in the facial neurons and facial neuronal apoptosis were observed after the facial nerve amputation using the methods of ABC immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL.Results:The expression ofbcl-2andBaxgenes and the apoptosis of facial neuronswere significantly higherin the exper- imental group than those of the control group from the 3rd to 21st day after amputation, but thebcl-2/Baxsignificantly decreased compared with that of the control group.Conclusion:This indicated thatbcl-2andBaxmight play an important regulation role in the process of facial neurons apoptosis following facial nerve amputation.

Objective:The aim of this studywas to investigate whether cleft palate is associatedwith the mal-developmentof the vomer, Jacobsoncs organ and para-septal cartilage.Methods:Sixty craniomaxillary complexes, which came from 30 pairs of trisomy 18 with cleft palate (Ts+CP) and euploid mouse fetuseswere precisely orientated in the coronal plane, and serially sectioned at7Lm thickness. With the aid of computer imaging analysis system the vomer in coronal and sagittal direction, Jacobsoncs organ and para-septal cartilage in the boundary plane of the primary and secondary palate were measured and compared quantitatively.Re- sults:The hard tissues (including the vomer and para-septal cartilage) of the anterior nasal septum in Ts+CP foetuses show seri- ous developmental hypoplasia, however, the Jacobsoncs organ had no significant different between the cleft and non-cleft samples. Conclusion:Developmental hypoplasia of these hard tissues may be more closely related with the autosomal trisomic condition more than the cleft palate.

Objective:The aim of this study is to observe clinical effects of the millimeter wave on oral lichen planus (OLP) and its immune mechanisms.Methods:30 patients with OLP were randomized into the millimeter wave group and the control group. 15 patients in the millimeterwave group were treated with millimeter wave (7.1 mm, 43 GHz, 10 mW/cm2) radiation, while the other 15 patients in the control group were just given soothing treatment. Either before or after the therapy procedure, the clinical manifestations and the T-cell sub-grouping in the peripheral circulation of each patientwere double-blindly evaluated.Results:The pain-soothing effect in the patients treatedwithmillimeterwave wasmuchmore obvious than thatof the control group (P<0.01). The peripheral blood CD8+percent of millimeterwave group decreased greatly (P<0.05), while no obvious CD8+change was observed in the control group (P>0.05). The millimeter wave groupcs CD4+/CD8+improvement was also much more obvious than that of the control group (P<0.05), and its CD4+/CD8+ratio was completely recovered to the normal level.Conclusion: Millimeterwave can effectively relieve OLP patientscpain, and can regulate OLP patientsccellular immune condition. Millimeter wave might provide a new treatment method for OLP.

Objective:The study aimed to investigate the levels ofStreptococcus mutansandLactobacillusspp. as well as the relation- ship between lactate-productive and aciduric organisms and nursing bottle caries.Methods:Totally, 30 children of 2- to 2.5-year- old were divided into two groups, including the group of nursing bottle caries and the group of caries-free.Streptococcus mutans andLactobacillusspp. were isolated from dental plaque of all the children. The amount of lactate produced was measured with a microlitre plate reader.Results:The isolation frequency ofStreptococcus mutansandLactobacillusspp. were both 100 percent in the childrenwith nursing bottle caries, and that the composition of these bacteria from nursing bottle caries lesionswas higher than that of caries-free dental surface. Lactate-producing level was higher in the caries group than that of the caries-free group.Con- clusion:This study suggestsStreptococcus mutansandLactobacillusspp. may be the major pathogenic bacteria leading to nursing bottle caries.

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of the three-dimesional spiral CT in the complex maxillofacial fractures.Methods:A total of 26 patients with complex maxillofacial fractures were examined using spiral CTwith the slice thickness of 3 to 5 mm. The surface shaded display (SSD) method was used for reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) images. The three-dimensional images of maxillofacial fractures were obtained by using various rotations. Before the three- dimensional images were reconstructed, the drawing and deleting way was used for these mandibular fractures.Results:The method demonstrated clearly the three-dimensional anatomy and their relationships of the fractures; using the drawing and deleting way, location and move condition of mandibular fractures, especially condylar fractures, were showed clearly.Conclusion:The three-dimensional CTis important in evaluating complex maxillofacial fractures. It could be used to demonstrate clearly locations and move conditions of complex maxillofacial fractures and operative plans.

Objective:The aim of this study is to devise a computer aided drawing system for individualized ideal arches, to resolve the discommode of manual drawing of Bonwill-Hawley arch charts and and to avoid the non-matching problemwhen using the universal arch charts.Methods:On the basis of drawing principle of Bonwill-Hawley individualized ideal arches, the computer programwas written with Visual Basic version 6.0.Results:The new computer-aided drawing system of individualized ideal arches was based on Windows9X/NT. After the data of mesiodistal diameters of maxillary anterior teeth crown (from mesial surface to distal surface of bracket for canine) were input, a matching individualized ideal arch chartwould be drawing using the designed program imme- diately.Conclusion:The computer-aided drawing system of individualized ideal arch can help to draw a matching individualized ideal arch accurately and quickly. This system eliminates the complex and cockamamie process of manual drawing.

Objective:The objective of this study was to determine the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) subtypes and their relationship with the mechanisms of squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) growth.Methods:Totally 40 cases of surgical specimens of OSCC resected between 1998 and 2000 and 20 cases of normal human oral mucosa were investigated. Strepto-adri- dinibiotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the expression of TGF-Bprotein subtypes and their relations with clinical prognosis of OSCC.Results:Semi-quantitative analysis revealed that the subtypes 1, 2 and 3 of TGF-Bpro- tein could be found in OSCC cells and normal oral epithelial cells, however the intensity of protein expressionwas different. Com- paring with those in normal oral mucosa epithelial cells, the subtypes 1 and 2 of TGF-Bwere over-expressed in OSCC cells. The over-expression of subtypes 1 and 2 of TGF-Bproteinwere associatedwith theirpathological grades, clinical stages and neck lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), whilstthe subtype 3 protein of TGF-Bwas not.Conclusion:Itwill be useful to detectthe expression of TGF-Bsubtypes in OSCC, as the subtypes 1 and 2 of TGF-Bmay play an important role in OSCC growth and metastasis.

Objective:The aim of this experiment was to study acute toxicity and local stimulation of cucurbitacinBE poly-lactic acid nano-particles (CuBE-PLA-NP) fortargeting cervical lymph node.Methods:Various doses of CuBE-PLA-NP lyophilization injec- tion and cucurbitacinBE (CuBE) were hypodermically or veno-injected into the mice, and then the drug toxicity and side effects were observed; 50% lethal dose (LD50) was counted. CuBE-PLA-NP lyophilization injection and CuBEwere also injected into the quadriceps femoralis muscle of rabbits to observe the local stimulate responses of drugs.Results:The fifty percent lethal doses of subcutaneous and venous CuBE-PLA-NP in mice were 16174 mg/kg?1183 mg/kg and 5160 mg/kg?0183 mg/kg respectively, thatwere higher than those of CuBEwhich were 8163 mg/kg?1100 mg/kg and 2150 mg/kg?0130 mg/kg respectively. Local stimulate response in rabbit quadricepsfemoralismuscle afterCuBE-PLA-NP and CuBEinjected are 0 grade and 011 grade respec- tively.Conclusion:The acute toxicity of CuBE-PLA-NP is lower than thatof CuBE. Both CuBE-PLA-NP and CuBE are adequate for local injection, but the local stimulation of CuBE-PLA-NP is smaller than that of CuBE.

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to study acute toxicity and local stimulation of cucurbitacinBE poly_lactic acid nano_particles (CuBE_PLA_NP) for targeting cervical lymph node. Methods: Various doses of CuBE_PLA_NP lyophilization injection and cucurbitacinBE (CuBE) were hypodermically or veno_injected into the mice, and then the drug toxicity and side effects were observed; 50% lethal dose (LD\-\{50\}) was counted. CuBE_PLA_NP lyophilization injection and CuBE were also injected into the quadriceps femoralis muscle of rabbits to observe the local stimulate responses of drugs.Results: The fifty percent lethal doses of subcutaneous and venous CuBE_PLA_NP in mice were 16 74 mg/kg±1 83 mg/kg and 5 60 mg/kg±0 83 mg/kg respectively, that were higher than those of CuBE which were 8 63 mg/kg±1 00 mg/kg and 2 50 mg/kg±0 30 mg/kg respectively. Local stimulate response in rabbit quadriceps femoralis muscle after CuBE_PLA_NP and CuBE injected are 0 grade and 0 1 grade respectively. Conclusion: The acute toxicity of CuBE_PLA_NP is lower than that of CuBE. Both CuBE_PLA_NP and CuBE are adequate for local injection, but the local stimulation of CuBE_PLA_NP is smaller than that of CuBE.

Objective:The study aimed at investigating the effects of a new anti-osteoporotic drug, XW630 on promoting the osteogenic activity of bone tissue in ovariectomized rats.Methods:Thirty-six female SD rats, three months old, were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated group (sham), the ovariectomized group (OVX), the esterone-therapy group (OVX+CFT) and the XW630-therapy group (OVX+XW630). Three rats in each group were killed on the 30th, 60th, and 90th day after the opera- tion. The femur of one side was taken for the three-point bending resistance test, and the bilateral tibias were taken for the HE stain and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) examination.Results:The HE and SEM results indicated that the bone loss ap- peared in the OVX group 30 days after the operation, which lasted for the whole observing period. While after application of es- terone and XW630, there were different degrees of bone repairing around the trabeculae, and the osteogenic activity was obviously active in the XW630 group than that in the esterone group. During the experimental period, the three-point bending resistance of the OVX group gradually decreased and there was a significantdifference comparedwith thatof the shamgroup (P<0.01), while the three-point bending resistance of the two therapy group gradually increased and there was significant difference between the OVX group and the XW630 group (P<0.05 andP<0.01).Conclusion:XW630 can effectively promote osteogenic action and prevent osteoporostic fracture in ovariectomized rats.

Objective:The purpose of this partof studywas to investigate the mechanism of a newanti-osteoporotic drug, XW630 on pro- moting osteogenic activity.Methods:Total RNAwere isolated from osteoblasts of the mice after the reactionwith XW630 in 24 and 72 hours, that were hybridized with the extracted and digoxigenin-labeled TGF-B1and the collagenÑcDNA probes.Results: XW630 significantly promoted TGF-B1and collagenÑgene expression in osteoblasts, and this drug was superior than other two kindsof estrogen in promoting osteogenic activity (P<0.05).Conclusion:XW630 promote osteogenic activity of osteoblasts, probably by enhancing the mRNA expression of TGF-B1and collagenÑ.

Objective:The purpose of this paperwas to investigate the distributions of bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2, 4 in the de- veloping molars of mice during the bud stage and, the functional relationship between BMP-2 and BMP-4.Methods:The distribu- tion of BMP-2, 4 were examined in developing mouse molars on the 14th (the 14th embryonic day), using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemistry methods.Results:BMP-2, 4 were detected both in the epithelial cells and dental mesenchyme cells. Conclusion:There is a similar distribution pattern between BMP-2 and BMP-4. Therefore, there may be a functional relationship between BMP-2 and BMP-4 during the development of mouse embryonic teeth in the bud stage.

Objective:Archang race is one of special minoritis in Yunnan province of China. However, there is not former report about overall craniofacial features in Archang race, therefore a computerized measurement on craniofacial features of Archang race was established in this study.Methods:On the basis of the principles of random sampling, the craniofacial features of 196 normal adults of Archang race coming from Longchuan County, Dehong Dai Jingpo nationality autonomous prefecture in Yunnan province of China were investigated using the craniofacial video-computerized measurement system which was developed by us.Results: Totally 41 measured items and 17 indexes of craniofacial featureswere obtained from male and female adults of Archang race. On the basis of 5 indexes, the people were classified according to the head, facial, and nose forms.Conclusion:The results of this study are of greatimportance in terms of thatthe reference is notonly significantfor anthropology, ethnology, but also formedicine and industry.