Abstract:

Objective  This study aims to test the accuracy and precision of iWitness photogrammetry for measuring the facial tissues of mannequin head. Methods  Under ideal circumstances, the 3D landmark coordinates were repeatedly obtained from a mannequin head using iWitness photogrammetric system with different parameters, to examine the precision of this system. The differences between the 3D data and their true distance values of mannequin head were computed. Results  Operator error of 3D system in non-zoom and zoom status were 0.20 mm and 0.09 mm, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Image captured error of 3D system was 0.283 mm, and there was no significant difference compared with the same group of images (P>0.05). Error of 3D system with recalibration was 0.251 mm, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with image captured error (P>0.05). Good congruence was observed between means derived from the 3D photos and direct anthropometry, with difference ranging from −0.4 mm to +0.4 mm. Conclusion  This study provides further evidence of the high reliability of iWitness photogrammetry for several craniofacial measurements, including landmarks and interlandmark distances. The evaluated system can be recommended for the evaluation and documentation of the facial surface.

Key words: anthropometry, photogrammetry, accuracy, precision, three-dimensional